Doklo Sohor (Khadia) Governance System
The Khadia is a prominent tribe of Jharkhand. They belong to proto-australoid. The language is Khadia, in which words of Mundari, Oraon, and Aryan languages are also found. This caste is spread in Gumla, Simdega, Ranchi (in Jharkhand), Odisha, Chattisgarh state. Most of the people in Jharkhand are in the Neeru region (Simdega). Their origin is said to be Ro Jung.
There are three types of Khadia:
- Pahari Khadia
- Dood Khadia
- Dhelki Khadia.
Mahto:
- Mahto is the main person of villages. The ones who settled in the village are given the title of Mahto by calling them the main person of the village. This dynasty is a traditional term. But they can be changed with the consent of the villagers.
Pahan:
- The person who performs Puja in the village festival is called Pahan (Kalo). They are called for marriage and public gatherings/festivals such as Fagu Puja, Karma Puja, New crop worship, well, tree-marriage, etc. This designation is also traditional but can also be changed.
Kartaha:
- Each village has a Kartaha. A person who knows the customs of his caste accurately, a proposal to put an appointment to the post of Kartaha. For selection, Khadia elders from each family gather at a place, who select Karataha.
- Function: as an advisor. The villagers work with the advice and permission of the same. The decision of the village quarrel and the settlement of the troubles also do the same. His essential task to call peoples' meetings and solve the problems of the village. When a family is declared impure in the village, then its purification of such family is done by the Kartaha.
- He is not paid any salary from the village for this post.
- The village quarrel is settled by convening meetings in the village in the presence of Mahto, Pahan, and the village elders.
- The presence of the village Mahto is necessary for this meeting. Land and property disputes are settled in the main role of Mahto.
- Punishment is decided by consensus. Barring murder, other serious cases are dealt with by Mahto and other elders of the village.
- It is considered a crime to have sexual intercourse with a boy or girl in the same village. For this, severe punishment is given by society.
- Punishment: If there is a case of quarrel or unethical behavior, then one party gives Khassi and another party gives Hadiya & Bhaat as a fine. Iqararnaama is written after making a Rajinama before food.
Societal Governance:
- The Khadia consists of total of nine gotras: Dungdung, Kullu, Tete, Baa, Kerketta, Soreng, Kindo, Toppo, Bilung.
- All the nearby tribes of villages get together to form a regional administration mechanism, which is known as Khunt, to dissolve disputes among themselves. Their president is selected among the Kartaha, the post is called 'Khadia Ghat'.
In the Khadia language, Doklo= meeting. In Doklo, prominent representatives of all the regions- Mahto, Pahan, and Kartaha gather. Kartahas make all the arrangements to call a meeting. These people gather once a year. In this meeting, the people of the Khadia tribe elect Doklo Sohor.
Doklo Sohor (Khadia Raja):
- Tenure: 3 years.
- Function: any problem related to more than one village or gotra is resolved under the chairmanship of Doklo Sohor. The work of organizing and strengthening the Khadia society is also done.
- The Kartaha of each village informs the Khadia Raja (Sohor) of the incident in their respective village and with the permission of the King, Kartaha resolves the village problems or quarrels. The village presents the report to the King after deciding the quarrel, etc.
- Khadia Raja has also the secretory (Lekhakar), Khazanchi (Tinjaukad), and advisor (Dewan).
- The secretory prepares the report and keeps track of the Khazanchi Khadia Fund.
- The king decided himself with his ministers in large cases. Determines fines based on litigation. After the verdict comes, the king uses come part of the money received as salary for his ministers.
The Khadia Mahasabha President, with the advice of the dignitaries of the Khadia community, always strived for the progress of this society.
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