Breast Cancer (BRCA1) gene binding partner- CSIR/ ICMR/ DBT (Life Sciences)

Breast Cancer (BRCA1) Gene Binding Partner

1.) MDC1- Gene

Protein: Mediator of DNA-damage Checkpoint protein1

Function:

• It is required for checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage within both the S-phase and G2/M phases of the cell cycle.

• It serves as a scaffold for the recruitment of DNA repair and signal-transduction proteins to discrete foci of DNA damage marked by 'Ser-139' phosphorylation of histone H2AX. 

• It helps in phosphorylation and activation of the ATM, CHEK1, CHEK2 kinases, and stabilization of TP53 and apoptosis. ATM and CHEK2 may also be activated independently by a parallel pathway mediated by TP53BP1.

2.) BAP1

Protein: Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase.

Function:

• Act as deubiquitinase, which means it removes a molecule called ubiquitin from certain proteins. The presence of ubiquitin molecules on a protein can affect the activity of the protein and its interaction with other proteins. The ubiquitin also promotes the degradation of the protein.

• It helps regulates the function of many proteins involved in diverse cellular processes, control cell growth and division (proliferation), and cell death.

• It helps repair damaged DNA, control the activity of genes, and act as tumor suppressor genes.

3.) BARD1

Protein: BARC1 Associated RING Domain 1

Function:

• E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. 

• BARC1-BARD1 heterodimer specifically mediates the formation of 'Lys-6'- polyubiquitin chains.

• It coordinates a diverse cleavage range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination, and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. 

• It plays a central role in the control of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.

• It acts by mediating ubiquitin E3 ligase activity that is required for its tumor suppressor function. 

• It forms a heterodimer with CSTF1/CSTF-50 to modulate mRNA processing and RNAP II stability by inhibiting pre-mRNA 3' cleavage.

4.) CsTF

Protein: Cleavage Stimulation Factor.

Function:

• It is recruited by Cleavage & Polyadenylation Specificity Factor (CPSF).

• It assembles into protein complex on the 3' end to promote the synthesis of functional polyadenine tail, which results in mature mRNA molecule ready to be exported from nucleus to cytosol for the translation process.

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