Jharkhand State : At a Glance

JHARKHAND STATE: AT A GLANCE

Jharkhand State is situated in eastern India. It is surrounded by Bihar to the North, Uttar Pradesh and Chattisgarh to the West, Odisha to the South, and West Bengal to the East.

• The state covers a geographical area of 79.70 Lakh Hect.

• Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Deoghar, and Hazaribagh are some of the main cities and tourist attractions of the state.

• The 28th state of the Indian Union was brought into existence by the Bihar recognization Act on 15th November 2000 the Birth Anniversary of legendary Bhagwan Birsa Munda.

• Jharkhand is famous for its rich mineral resources like Uranium, Mica, Bauxite, Granite, Gold, Silver, Graphite, Magnetite, Dolomite, Fireclay, Quartz, Feldspar, Coal (32% of India), Copper (25% of India), etc.

• Forests and woodlands occupy more than 29% of the state which is strongest the highest in India.

BIRTH OF THE STATE

• The region enshrouded in the hills and forests inaccessible to a large segment of people. The tribes of this state are living here for thousands of years and not much changed in their life and culture over the ages baring last few decades.

• Many scholars now believed that the language used by tribes in the state of Jharkhand is identical to the one used by Harappan people. This has led to a great interest in the deciphering of Harappan inscriptions using rock paintings and language used by these tribes.

• For a greater part of the Vedic age, Jharkhand remained obscured. During the age of Mahajanpadas around 500 BC, India saw the emergence of 16 large states who controlled the entire Indian subcontinent.

• The supremacy of Janpadas was often decided by the power of swords and bows and axes and other weapons.

• The region around Jharkhand was extremely rich in its mineral resources including Iron and the Janpad that controlled this region, Magadha, eventually controlled most of the country.

• The power of Magadha continued to occupy the central state in the Indian subcontinent for a long time and saw the emergence of mighty empires such as Mauryas and Guptas.

• After the end of the last big Hindu empire of Guptas, India saw the emergence of a number of numerous regional powers who tried to control this region. The same was the case with Muslim Sultans of Delhi and their feudatories in Bengal, who tried to control this mineral-rich area.

• British identified this region as a great source of raw material for their blooming industries back home and to exploit the region to its full potential, established a vast network of railway lines. Calcutta was developed as a major port to export raw materials from this region to England.

• Birsa Munda (1875- 1900) and Sido & Kanho are the legendary heroes of the tribals of this state who fought against the oppressive rule of the British government. Birsa Munda, now regarded as a god, fought for tribals' natural rights over forests and land that was mercilessly being acquired by the British for exploitation.

• After a long fight, Birsa Munda was captured by the British authorities and died in prison. Sido & Kanho were another set of revolutionaries among the tribals, now regarded as tribal heroes.

• For a long time, Jharkhand remained as a part of Bihar, but after Indian independence, the demand for a separate state of tribals started gaining momentum.

• In the last fifty years, the tribes of this region fought against the hegemony of Northern Bihar, a region that gained from the mineral deposits of this region like anything.

• Jharkhand became a state under the Republic of India on November 15, 2000, and how it is poised for a great leap forward.

GEOGRAPHY

• Most of the state lies on the Chota Nagpur Plateau, which is the source of the Koel, Damodar, Brahmani, Kharkai, and Subarnarekha rivers, whose upper watershed lies within Jharkhand.

• Much of the state is still covered by forest. Forest preserves support populations of tigers and Asian Elephants.

Soil Content: The soil content of the Jharkhand state mainly consist of soil formed from the disintegration of rocks and stones, and soil composition is further divided into;

• Red soil- found mostly in the Damodar valley, and Rajmahal area.

• Micacious soil- containing particles of mica, found in Koderma, Jhumri Telaiya, Barkagaon, and areas around the Mandar hill.

• Sandy soil- generally found in Hazaribagh and Dhanbad.

• Black soil- found in the Rajmahal area.

• Laterite soil- found in the western part of Ranchi, Palamu, and parts of Santhal Parganas and Singhbhum.

CLIMATE

• There are three well-defined seasons in Jharkhand. The cold-weather season, from November to February, is the most pleasant part of the year.

• High temperatures in Ranchi in December usually rise from about 50-degree Fahrenheit (10-degree Celcius) into the low 70s F (low 20 C) daily. The hot-weather season lasts from March to mid-June. May, the hottest month, is characterized by daily high temperatures in the upper 90s-F (about 37 C) and low temperatures in the mid-70s F (mid-20s C).

BASIC PROFILE

Date of Statehood	15 November 2000
Capital	Ranchi
Sub-Capital	Dumka
Latitude	21 degree 59 minutes N - 25 degree 18 minutes N
Longitude	82 degree 20 minutes E - 87 degree 57 minutes E
Area	79,714 sq. kms
Area Rank	14th
Population	32,988,134
Male	16, 930, 315
Female	16, 057, 819
Population growth	22.42 %
% of total Population	2.72 %
Density / km sqaure	414
Density / m square	1,072
Sex Ratio (0-6 years)	948/1000 (Female per 1000 males)
Literacy	66.41 %
Male Literacy	76.84 %
Female Literacy	55.42 %
Total literate	18, 328, 069
Male literacy	76.84 %
Female literacy	55.42 %
Male literate	10, 882, 519
Female literate	7,445, 550
Total child population	5, 389, 495 (0- 6 years)
Male population	2, 767, 147 (0- 6 years)
Female population	2, 622, 348 (0- 6 years)
Population size	4367507 (0-6 years, Rural)
Population size	1021988 (0- 6 years, Urban)
Population size	2231494 (0- 6 years, Rural males)
Population size	2136013 (0- 6 years, Rural females)
Population size	535653 (0- 6 yeras, Urban males)
Population size	486335 (0- 6 years, Urban females)
Literates, 7+ years	18328069
Literates, 7+ years	10882517 (Males)
Literates, 7+ years	7445550 (Females)
Literates, 7+ years	12643078 (Rural)
Total Population	25,055,073 (Urban)
District (Highest population)	1,560,394 (Dhanbad- Urban)
District (Lowest population)	42,944 (Simdega- Urban)
District (Highest population)	2,237,450 (Giridih- Rural)
District (Lowest population)	404,379 (Lohardaga- Rural)
District (Highest literacy)	76.06 % (Ranchi)
District (Lowest literacy)	48.82 % (Pakur)
District (Highest density)	1284 (Dhanbad)
District (Lowest density)	160 (Simdega)
District (High sex ratio)	1005 (West Singhbhum)
District (Low sex ratio)	909 (Dhanbad)
State Emblem	Lion Capital of Ashoka
State bird	Asian Koel (Eudynamys scolopaceus)
Sate animal	Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)
State flower	Palash (Butea monosperma)
State tree	Sal (Shorea robusta)
State game	Gilli-danda
Official language	Hindi
Scheduled Tribes	32
Legislature	Unicameral
Legislative Constituencies	82
No. of seats reserved for Schedules Tribes	28
No. of seats reserved for Scheduled Caste	09
Parliamentry Constituencies	14
Rajya Sabha seats	06
Largest Constituency of Lok Sabha	Singhbhum
Smallest Constituency of Lok Sabha	Chatra
Total division	05
Districts	24
No. of District during formation of state	18
No. of District after formation of state	06 (Kharsawan, Khunti, Ramgarh, Latehar, Jamtara, Simdega, Saraikela)
Sub division	38
Blocks	260
Villages	32615
Panchayats	4423
National Highway	2654 (Length in Kms)
State Highway	1231.9 (Length in Kms)
Universities	07
Municipal Corporation	03 (Ranchi, Dhanbad, Deoghar)
Municipal Councils	14
Nagar Panchyats	19
Contonment Board	Ramgarh
Police Stations	326
Major Towns	Jamshedpur
Major Minerals	Iron ore, Bauxite, Chromite, Manganese, etc.
Major Crops	Rice, Ragi, Maize, Wheat, Redgram, Niger, etc.
Important Crops export from state	Litchi, Apple
City of Temples	Jagannath Temple, Ranchi

JHARKHAND DIVISIONS

DIVISIONS	DISTRICTS
Palamu Divison	Palamu, Garhwa, Latehar
North Chotanagpur	Chatra, Hazaribagh, Koderma, Giridih, Ramgarh, Bokaro, Dhanbad
South Chotanagpur	Lohardaga, Gumla, Simdega, Ranchi, Khunti
Kolhan Division	West Singhbhum, Saraikela-Kharsawan, East Singhbhum
Santhal Pargana Division	Jamtara, Deoghar, Dumka, Pakur, Godda, Sahibganj

MAJOR DAMS OF JHARKHAND

DAM	RIVER	NEAREST CITY
Amanat Dam	Amanat	Daltonganj
Anjanwa Dam	Anjanwa	Hazaribagh
Anraj Dam	Arraj	Garhwa
Babhani Kand Dam	Banki	Garhwa
Barhi Dam	Mahuaghat	Hazaribagh
Basuki Dam	South Koel	Ranchi
Batane Dam	Batane	Daltonganj
Batre Dam	Batre	Daltonganj
Bhairwa Dam	Bhera	Hazaribagh
Boudha Dam	Agrawa/ Konar	Hazaribagh
Buchaopa Dam	Buchaopa Nala	Ranchi
Bushka Dam	Baska	Chatra
Burhai	Pathro	Deoghar
Chandil Dam	Subernarekha	Saraikela-Kharsawan
Chataniaghat Dam	Kuljhiri Nala	Garhwa
Chinda Dam	Chinda	Simdega
Chirka Dam	Dhengura	Garhwa
Danro Dam	Danro	Garhwa
Dhankai Dam	Dhankai	Daltonganj
Dhansightoli Dam	South Koel	Gumla
Diggalpahari Dam	Ashanbani River/ Reshma Nala	Dumka
Dulaki Dam	Lilajan	Chatra
Garhi Dam	Garhi (Damodar)	Chatra
Getalsud Dam	Subarnarekha	Ranchi
Ghaghra Dam	Ghaghra	Hazaribagh
Gonda Dam	Gonda	Hazaribagh
Hatia Dam	Subarnarekha	Ranchi
Hiru Dam	Hiroo	Chatra
Jamunia Dam	Jamunia	Hazaribagh
Jaipur Dam	Nakti Nala	Gumla
Jharjhara Dam	Bamini Nala	Chakradharpur
Kans Dam	Kans	Gumla
Kansjore Dam	Sankh	Simdega
Masanjore Dam	Mayurakshi	Dumka
Maithon Dam	Barakar	Dhanbad
Panchet Hill Dam	Damodar	Dhanbad
Tenughat Dam	Damodar	Bermo
Tilaiya Dam	Barakar	Koderma

MAJOR RIVERS OF JHARKHAND

RIVERS	ORIGIN	FALLS/MEET	LENGTH	CITY
Ajay	Munger	Bhagirathi River	288 Km	Chittaranjan, Liambazar, Jaydev, Kenduli
Baitarani	Gonasika	Bay of Bengal	360 Km	Ranchi
Barakar	Padma	Damodar River	225 Km	Asansol
Damodar	Chulhapani	Hugli River	592 Km	Bokaro
Son	Amarkantak	Ganga River	784 Km	Sedhi, Patna
South Koel	Chotanagpur Plateau	Brahmani River	285 Km	Manoharpur
Subarnarekha	Chotanagpur Plaeau	Bay of Bengal	395 Km	Chnadil, Jamshedpur, Ghatshila, Gopiballavpur

MOUNTAINS OF JHARKHAND

HILLS	PLACE	BEST KNOWN
Canary Hill	Hazaribagh	Three small Lakes
Fuldungri	Ghatshila	Burudih Lake
Nandan Hill	Baidyanathdham	Nandi Temple
Parasnath Hill	Giridih	Shikharji Jain Temple
Ranchi Hill	Ranchi	Ranchi Lake, Lord Shiva Temple
Tagore Hill	Morabadi	Rabindranath Tagore
Trikut Hill	Deoghar	Tapovan- First Solar energy hub

NATIONAL PARKS & WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES

NATIONAL PARKS/WILDLIFE SANCTURAIES	LOCATION
Betla National Parks	Chotanagpur Plateau
Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary	Jamshedpur
Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuaries	Koderma
Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary	Pokharia
Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary	Koderma
Palamu Tiger Reserve	Daltonganj
Udhwa Bird Lake Santuary	Udhwa, Sahibganj

FAMOUS TEMPLES

TEMPLES	LOCATION
Angrabadi Temple	Khunti
Baidyanath Temple	Deoghar
Basukinath Tmeple	Deoghar
Digambar Jain Temple	Ranchi
Jagannathpur Temple	Ranchi
Madhuban	Giridih
Naulakha Mandir	Deoghar
Pahari Temple	Ranchi
Sun Temple	Ranchi
Tapovan Temple	Deoghar

AIRPORTS IN JHARKHAND

NAME	LOCATION
Chakulia Airport	Maurabera (E.Singhbhum)
Deoghar Airport	Simra (Deoghar)
Birsa Munda Airport	Hinoo (Ranchi)
Dhanbad Airport	Satyam Nagar (Dhanbad)
Bokaro Airport	Bokaro
Sonari Airport	Jamshedpur

STADIUM IN JHARKHAND

STADIUM	SPORTS	CITY
JSCA International Criket Stadium	Criket	Ranchi
Birsa Munda Athletics Stadium	Athletics	Ranchi
JRD Tata Sports Complex	Football	Jamshedpur
Keenan Stadium	Cricket	Jamshedpur
Birsa Munda Football Stadium	Football	Ranchi
Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium	Hockey	Ranchi
Dilip Tirkey Stadium	Hockey	Ranchi