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Tuesday, September 1, 2020

Quit India Movement

QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT:











1939: OUTBREAK OF WW-II


1939: CWC MEETING, WARDHA
  • September 10th-14th, 1939
  • Congress finally decided to adopt Nehru's view & extend conditional support to the British.

1939: VICEROY LINLITHGOW'S STATEMENT
  • October 17th, 1939
  • The British government refused to make any promises & commit itself in advance on the post-war constitutional status of India.
  • Talked about setting up of a "consultative committee".

1939: CONGRESS MINISTERS RESIGN
  • October 22nd, 1939
  • Congress Ministers resign to protest against Britain's unilateral decision of dragging India into the war.
  • Provincial governments continued in 4 provinces- Assam, Sindh, Punjab & Bengal.

1939: DAY OF DELIVERANCE
  • December, 22nd 1939
  • Muslim League celebrates "day of deliverance" upon the resignation of Congress Ministers.

1940: PAKISTAN RESOLUTION, LAHORE

1940: RAMGARH CONGRESS SESSION
  • March 1940
  • Presided by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
  • A resolution was passed which declared that a civil disobedience movement shall be launched as soon as the Congress organization is considered fit enough for the purpose.
  • A coalition of various Left-wing groups who got together & held an anti-compromise conference at Ramgarh under the leadership of Subhas Chandra Bose & resolved to prepare themselves for a militant struggle.

1940: AUGUST OFFER
  • August, 8th 1940
  • For the first time, the inherent right of Indians to frame their own constitution was recognized & the demand for Constituent Assembly was conceded.

1940: INDIVIDUAL STAYAGRAHA
  • Acharya Vinoba Bhave became the First Satyagrahi.
  • He was to deliver an anti-war speech village after village while moving in the direction of Delhi, thus initiating a movement that came to be known as the "Delhi Chalo" movement.
  • Bhave delivered his first anti-war speech Paunar village near Wardha.
  • Later, Jawaharlal Nehru became the second individual Satyagrahi.

1942: CRIPPS MISSION
  • March 22nd, 1940
  • In March, Japan occupied Rangoon bringing the war to India's doorstep which forced the British to send Cripps Mission to India.
  • Prime Minister Winston Churchill sent the leader of the House of Commons, Sir Stafford Cripps, with the aim of securing India's active support in the war effort.
  • Cripps declared that the aim of the new British policy in India was 'the earliest possible realization of self-government in India'.
  • Proposed included- Dominion Status, Constituent Assembly, Right of Non-Accession of Provinces, Right of Secession of provinces, Protection of racial & linguistic minorities & British control over the defense.
  • Gandhi rejected the proposals calling the Cripps offer for Dominion Status after the war as 'a poet dated cheque on a crashing bank'.
  • Cripps adopted a 'take it or leave it' attitude which added to the deadlock.

1942: CWC MEETING AT WARDHA
  • July 14th, 1942
  • The CWC adopted the Quit India Resolution which was to be later ratified by the AICC in its Bombay meeting.

1942: QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT (QIM)
  • August 18th, 1942
  • AICC met at Gowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay & ratified the Quit India Resolution.
  • The next day morning, all prominent leaders of the Congress, including Gandhi, were arrested.
  • Hence what arose was a spontaneous movement that began taking its own course, with people directing their own actions.

1943: PAKISTAN DAY
  • March 23rd, 1943
  • Even as the QIM, continued the League observed the 'Pakistan Day' & also adopted a new slogan 'Divide & Quit'.

1944: RAJAGOPALACHARI FORMULA
  • March, 1944
  • It was the formula to bring about Congress-League Cooperation, accepting the 'idea of Pakistan' on the basis of a plebiscite or referendum after the war.
  • The formula was developed with the full approval of Gandhi.

1945: DESAI-LIAQUAT PLAN
  • June, 1945
  • It proposed the formation of an Interim Government at the Centre, consisting of an equal number of persons nominated by the Congress & the League in the Central Legislature.

1945: CONGRESS LEADERS RELEASED FROM JAIL
  • June 14th, 1945
  • On 8th May 1945, the war in Europe ended with the surrender of Germany
  • The Congress leaders were released from jail in anticipation of the Shimla Conference, making the official end of the Quit Indian Movement.



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