IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT SOME METALS - CHEMISTRY (SCIENCE)

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT METALS (SCIENCE):

Alkali Metals: Group 1st element are called alkali metals because its hydroxides are alkaline.

Alkaline Earth Metals: Group 2nd elements are called alkaline earth metals.

Actinides Series: Radio-active elements.

Transition Metals: Generally transition metals & their compounds are colored. 

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'A':

• Aluminum hydroxide (AlOH₃):  used to make waterproof & Stainless cloth.

• Auric chloride (AuCl₃): used to make antivenom needle.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'B':

• Babbitt metal/ Non-Ferrous Alloy: It contains [Tin(Sn)- 89%, Antimony(Sb)- 9%, & Copper(Cu)- 2%] = used in engine to support moving mechanical parts & protects them from frictional degradation.

• Barium (Ba): In fireworks, green color is due to Barium.

• Barium Sulphate (BaSO₄): used in X-ray of the abdomen as barium-meal.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'C':

• Calcium Hydride/Hydrolith (CaH₂): used as dry alcohol. It is used to prepare fire-proof & waterproof clothes.

• Calcium hypochlorite Ca(ClO₂): Bleaching powder, used for water treatment.

• Cadmium rod: used in the Nuclear reactor to slow down the speed of the neutron.

• Chromium trioxide(CrO₃)/Chromic Acid: used for chrome plating on a metal object.

• Cobalt-60 (Co-60): used in Cancer treatment.

• Cytochrome: In cytochrome Iron (Fe) is present.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'F':

• Ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃): the reaction with Aluminium (Al) is used to fill up the cracks of railway tracks & machine parts = Thermite reaction.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'G':

• Gun powder: contains [ Pottasium nitrate(KNO₃)- 75%, Sulphar- 10%, Charcoal- 15%].

• Galvanised Iron (Fe) is coated with Zinc - to prevent rusting.

• Gallium (Ga) metal: liquid at room temperature.

• Gold (Au): Pure gold is 24 carat. To harden the gold, copper (Cu) is mixed.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'I':

• Iron & Mercury (Fe & Hg): produces more resistance in comparison to other during the flow of electricity.

• Iron Pyrites (FeS₂): known as Fool's gold.

• Iron(Fe): wrought Iron is the purest form of Iron.

• Iron Cast: percentage of Carbon in cast iron = 2.5 - 5%, wrought iron = 01 - 0.2%

• Iron (Ferric) oxide (Fe₂O₃): the reaction with Aluminium (Al) is used to fill up the cracks of railway tracks & machine parts = Thermite reaction.

• Iron(Fe): Anemia is caused due to deficiency of Iron in the body while excess iron in the body may cause siderosis.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'L':

• Lead (Pb): used to write on paper as it is a 'stable element'. Combustion of petrol in automobiles pollutes the air by producing the lead.

• Lead arsenic (PbHASO₄): is an alloy used to make bullets.

• Lead Carbon: used to make an artificial part of the body. 

• Lead Oxide(PbO)/Litharage: used in rubber industries in the manufacturing of storage batteries & flint glass.

• Lead-pipe: is not used for drinking water because it forms poisonous lead hydroxide Pb(OH₂).

• Lead & Tin: used in fuse-wire.

• Lithium (Li): the highest & the most reductant element.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'M':

• Mercury (Hg): known as 'Quick Silver'. It is kept in Iron (Fe) pot because it doesn't form the amalgam with Iron.

• Mercury & Argon: vapor of mercury(Hg) & argon(Ar) is used in tubelight.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'M':

• Nitrogen (N₂) gas: In flash-bulb, Magnesium (Mg) wire is kept in an atmosphere of Nitrogen gas.

• Nichrome (NiFeCr): wire used in the electrical heater.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'O':

• Oxides of metals are alkaline.

• Osmium (Os): heaviest metal.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'P':

• Platinum (Pt): hardest metal.

• Palladium (Pd) metal: used in an airplane.

• Potassium (K): Onion & Garlic have an odor due to Potassium.

• Potassium Carbonate (K₂CO₃): Known as "Pearl Ash"- used in making soap & glass.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'R':

• Radium (Ra): extracted from pitchblende (Uraninite).

• Rusting of Iron(Fe₂O₃): = Chemical changes that increase the weight of Iron.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'S':

• Selenium (Se): used in the photoelectric cells.

• Silver & Copper (Ag & Cu): best conductor of electricity.

• Silver & Gold (Ag & Au): most malleable metal.

• Silver Chloride (AgCl): used in photochromatic glass.

• Silver Iodide (AgI): used in artificial rain.

• Silver Nitrate (AgNO₂): used as Marker during an election. It is kept in a colored bottle to avoid decomposition.

• Silver Sulfide(Ag₂S): Silver spoon is not used in egg food because it forms black Silver sulfide.   

• Sodium Peroxide (Na₂O₂): used in submarine & also to purify closed air in the hospital.

• Stannous Sulphide (SnS₂): called 'Mosaic gold'. It is used as paint. Sn shows the allotropy.

• Strontium (Sr): In fireworks, crimson red color is due to the presence of Sr.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'T':

• Titanium (Ti): Strategic metal, it is lighter than Iron (Fe).

• Tetra-ethyl lead (C₈H₂₀Pb): used as an anti-knocking compound.

• Tungsten (W): melting point= 3500 degrees C. To prevent oxidation of tungsten, the air is removed from the electric bulb.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'U':

• Uranium (U): a heavy radioactive metal & it belongs to actinide group. It is used in the manufacture atom bomb.

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'W':

• Wilson Disease: Excess of copper (Cu) in the human body or copper poisoning, causes inherited disorder.

• World-famous Eiffel Tower has a steel & cement base. 

Metal's name & fact starting with the letter 'Z':

• Zinc Phosphide (Zn₃P₂): used for killing rats.

• Zinc Chloride (ZnCl₂): It is coated with wooden furniture to prevent termites. 

• Zinc Oxide (ZnO): known as 'Flower of Zinc'. It is also known as Chinese white & used as white paint.

• Zeolite: made up of metal ions of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, barium & Silicon. It is used to remove the hardness of the water.

• Zirconium (Zr): metal burns in oxygen as well as in nitrogen.

• Zirconium (Zr), Cadmium (Cd), Boron (B): To capability to absorb neutrons & used in a nuclear reactor.