Paris Agreement (COP 21)
- The Paris Agreement on post-2020 actions on climate change will succeed the Kyoto Protocol.
- It provides a framework for all countries to take action against climate change.
- Placing significance on concepts like climate justice & sustainable lifestyles, the Paris Agreement for the first time brings together all nations for a common cause under the UNFCCC.
- One of the main focus of the agreement is to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 20 C above pre-industrial level & on driving efforts to limit it even further to 1.50 C.
- The agreement comprises of 29 articles & is supported by 139 decisions of the COP.
- The crucial areas are identified as essential for a comprehensive & balanced agreement, including mitigation, adaptation, loss & damage, finance, technology, development & transfer, capacity building & transparency of action & support.
Salient Features of the Agreement:
- It acknowledges the development imperatives of developing countries by recognizing their right to development & their efforts to harmonize it with the environment while protecting the interests of the most vulnerable.
- It follows to enhance the 'implementation of the Convention' while reflecting the principles of equity & CBDR-RC (Common but Differentiated Responsibilities & Respective Capabilities), in the light of different national circumstances.
- Countries are required to communicate to the UNFCCC climate action plans known as nationally determined contributions (NDC) every five years. Each Party's successive NDC will represent a progression beyond the Party's then-current NDC thereby steadily increasing global effort & ambition in the long-term.
- Developed countries are encouraged to scale up their level of financial support with a complete road map towards achieving the goal of jointly providing US$ 100 billion by 2020.
- At the same time, a new collective quantified goal based on US$ 100 billion floors will be set before 2025.
- Develop countries are encouraged to take the lead in the mobilization of climate finance while noting the significant role of public funds in the mobilization of finance which should represent a progression beyond their previous effort.
- It includes a robust transparency framework for both action & support.
- Starting in 2030, a global stock-take covering all elements will take place every five years to assess the collective progress towards achieving the purpose of the Agreement & its long-term goals.
- It establishes a compliance mechanism, overscreens by a committee of experts that operates in a non-punitive way, and is facilitative in nature.
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