Chero Revolt (1770-71), Bhogta Revolt (1771), Chero Movement (1800-18): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Revolts/ Movement:

Chero Revolt (1770-71):

In the year 1770-71, the Chero ruler Chitrajit Rai of Palamu and his Dewan Jaynath Singh organized a rebellion against the British fighting on behalf of Gopal Rai, the claimant to the throne of Palamu, which is known as 'Chero Rebellion'. In fact, it was a battle to capture the throne of Palamu.

Eventually, the British Captain Jacob Camac was successful in defeating the Cheros' rebels and capturing Palamu. On July 1, 1771, Gopal Rai was declared the king of the Palamu.

Bhogta Revolt (1771):

In fact, the Bhogta rebellion was a supplementary event of the Chero rebellion (1770-71). Jainath Singh, the Diwan (Prime Minister) of Raja Chitrajit Rai of Palamu was a bountiful chieftain. The British used to talk directly to Jainath Singh only. 

On January 9, 1771, Jainath Singh received a letter from Patna Council through his messenger Ghulam Hussain Khan, in which order was given to hand over the Palamu Fort to the company peacefully. From here the Bhogta rebellion started. It was fought together with the Cheros. Jainath Singh was ready to leave Palamu Fort, but with some conditions. 

Since the Company was intent on capturing the Palamu Fort, therefore, the British refused to accept conditions laid by Jainath Singh, calling them unreasonable. The fight has started. Both Bhogta and Cheros fought the British together, but Bhogta Sardar Jayanath Singh was defeated and fled to Sarguja and the British declared Gopal Rai as the king of Palamu.

Chero Movement/ Andolan (1800-1818):

The Chero tribe of Palamu revolted under the leadership of Bhukhan Singh in 1800 against the high tax collection and re-acquisition of sub-dependent pattas. In suppressing it, the British resorted to deceit and cunning. As a result of this rebellion, in 1809, the British government formed the Zamindari Police Force to maintain peace and order in Chotanagpur. 

1814: Under the guise of action of Palamu pargana, the British captured it and handed over the responsibility of governance to Raja Ghanshyam Singh of Bhardev. In 1817, they revolted against this conspiracy of the British by ensuing tribal cooperation, but this too was suppressed. This rebellion was suppressed by Colonel Jones. 

Previous Page:Bhumij Revolt (1832-33): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Next Page:Ho Movement (1820-21): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Read More

Bhumij Revolt (1832-33): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Bhumij Revolt (1832-33)

Causes and Nature of Revolt:

Dhalbhum, Barabhum, and Patkum Parganas, which were then included in the Midnapore (now West Bengal) district, saw a widespread revolt by the Bhumij tribesmen under the leadership of Ganga Narayan.

Thi revolt was the result of the complaints of the Bhumij against the Badabhum king, police officers, munsifs, salt-daroga, and other dikkus. At the same time, the imposition of the Company's governance system on the local system was also not liked by the people. Thus the widespread despair all around and the persecution of the tribals necessitated this revolt. The tribals had no hope of justice, as the police were corrupt, the court staff looks illegitimate benefits and the revenue officials exploited them. Bribery by petty officers was common. Thus in the backdrop of extortion, deprivation of property and humiliation, and oppression, the Bhumij were left with no option but to revolt.

The revolt began with the brutal murder of Diwan Madhav Singh of Barabhum Pargana on 6th April 1832. The murder was done by Ganganarayan Singh, the cousin of the zamindar of Barabhumi Pargana. The main reason for this rebellion was to disregard the father of Ganganarayan Singh, the rightful owner of the throne of Barabhum, and oust him from the ancestral property.

Key facts of Bhumij Revolt/ Rebellion(for MCQs):

• The Bhumij rebellion started in 1832 AD under the leadership of Ganga Narayan. Its influence remained in the areas of Birbhum and Singhbhum.

• The rebellion was the result of the complaints of the Bhumij against the Birbhum (Badabhum) king, police officers, munsifs, salt inspectors, and other dikkus.

• The reason for the rebellion was the imposition of the Company's system of governance on the local system. At the same time, the discontent arising out of the oppressive rent system of the British was also working behind it.

• The formal beginning of the Bhumij rebellion took place on April 26, 1832, with the killing of Diwan Madhav Singh, and the half-brother of the zamindar of Birbhum Pargana.

• The murder was done by Ganga Narayan Singh. He was the cousin of the zamindar of Birbhum. Madhav Singh was quite infamous as Diwan. He had devastated the people by lying in various types of taxes.

• Ganga Narayan provided unprecedented leadership to the Bhumij against Madhav Singh. After killing Madhav Singh, Ganga Narayan had a collision with the Company's army. The Company's forces were led by Braden and Lieutenant Timmer.

• The Kol and Ho tribes openly supported Ganga Narayan Singh in this rebellion.

• On February 7, 1833, Ganga Narayan Singh was killed while fighting against Thakur Chetan Singh of Kharsawan.

• The Thakur of Kharsawan cut off his head and sent it to the British officer Captain Wilkinson. Captain Wilkinson heaved a sigh of relief at the death of Ganga Narayan Singh.

• After the death of Ganga Narayan Singh, this rebellion fell into disrepair. Although Ganga Narayan Singh was ultimately defeated in this rebellion, it made it clear that there was a need for administrative change in Jungle Mahal.

Like the Kol rebellion, the British were compelled to bring many administrative changes after the Bhumij rebellion;

• Under the Regulation XIII of 1833 AD, extensive changes were made in the system of governance.

• There was a change in the revenue policy and Chotanagpur was accepted as part of the South-West Frontier Agency (SWFA).

Previous Page:Kol Movement (1831-32): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Next Page:Chero Revolt (1770-71), Bhogta Revolt (1771), Chero Movement (1800-18): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Read More

Kol Movement (1831-32): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Kol Movement (1831-32)

Causes and nature of rebellion:

The Kol rebellion has a special place in the tribal revolts in Jharkhand, because it was the first organized and widespread tribal revolt of Jharkhand. Exploited by their new masters, oppressed by dikus (outsiders), and deprived of their traditional source of justice, the tribals of Chotanagpur had no choice but to revolt. In fact, it was a rebellion of the Mundas, in which Ho joined as his right hand.

The tribes of some areas of Chotanagpur Khas, Palamu, Singhbhum, and Manbhum participated in this rebellion. Only Hazaribagh remained untouched by this rebellion. It was the result of the Kol rebellion that in 1834 AD, an administrative unit named 'South-West Frontier Agency' (SWFA) was formed by merging the revolt-affected areas with some of the other areas, with its headquarters at Vishunpur or Wilkinsonganj (later Ranchi) created.

Key facts of Kol rebellion (for MCQ):

• If anyone bothered the British rulers and landlords the most in Chotanagpur, it was the Kol rebels.

• It was the rebellion of the Munda tribe, which the 'Ho' caste also openly supported. 

• In this rebellion, the tribes of Chotanagpur, especially Palamu, Singhbhum, and other parts of the Manbhum actively participated.

• The main reason for the Kol rebellion was 'land dissatisfaction'.

• One of the main leaders of this rebellion was Budhu Bhagat. In this battle, he was killed along with his brother, son, and 100 followers. 

• Sindrai and Surga, two other leaders of the rebels fought till the end. They surrendered in 1832. 

• The revolt was suppressed, but the lands of the village headman (Munda) and their peed chief (Mankis) made up of seven to twelve were returned.

• As a result of this rebellion, a new province Southwest Frontier Agency was formed in 1833 AD. Later, financial and judicial powers were also given to the 'Manki Munda System'.

Previous Page:Chuar Movement (1769- 1805): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Next Page:Bhumij Revolt (1832-33): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Read More

Chuar Movement (1769- 1805): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Chuar Movement (1769-1805)

Causes:

The British official used to call the Bhumij of Jungle Mahal as Chaur= Duvant/low caste. Hence, their rebellion was called Chaur Rebellion.

The Chuar made a living by clearing forests, hunting animals and birds, and selling the things produced in the forest. Most of them worked as 'Paika= soldiers' in the local zamindars. They were given land instead of salary, which was called 'Paikan land'. 

As soon as the British rulers took possession, snatched the ancestral lands of the Chuars and sold them to new landlords, and started settling new subjects with these landlords. 

Simultaneously, after removing the paika and bringing it from outside, the police were appointed in their place. Due to this, thousands of paika started stumbling blocks after losing land, house-door, means of livelihood everything. The combined powers of these paikas (sepoys) and peasants ignited the fire of rebellion, which became very difficult for the British rulers to extinguish.

Apart from this, the British rulers had snatched the land from the hands of Zamindars, who were unable to pay the hugely increased revenue. Some of the landlords who had lost their land joined the rebellion. This rebellion was done over famine, increase in rent, auction of land, and other economic issues.

Form of Revolt:

The name of the prominent leaders of the Chuar rebellion are;

• Ragunath Mahto

• Shyam Ganjam Subal Singh

• Jagannath Patar

• Mangal Singh

• Durjan Singh

• Lal Singh

• Mohan Singh.

In 1769, Raghunath Mahto gave the slogan 'Apna Gaon Apna Raj, Faraway Foreign Raj'.

The name of the suppressors of the Chuar rebellion are;

• Lieutenant Nun

• Captain Forbes

• Lieutenant Goodyar.

For nearly 30 years, due to the riots of the Chuars, there was unrest in the entire area.

The Company government understood that without giving some facilities (e.g; the return of their land to paikas, prohibition on the auction of the land of zamindars when revenue is left) to the paikas, farmers, and zamindars, and without restoration of police rights of landlords and Ghatwals, the peace in this area is not possible. Therefore, by a resolution;

• March 6th, 1800, the Zamindari-Ghatwali Police System was restored.

• December 13th, 1800, this arrangement also got the approval of the Company's government.

The law and order situation improved with the appointment of local people as police officers in place of non-tribal inspectors. After the creation of the Jungle Mahal district, relative peace was maintained in the Manbhum area for 25 years (1805-30).

Important facts of Chuar Revolt:

• 1798: In April, the Chuar of Ghatshila, Bindu Mandalkunda, Purugram, etc. of the Jungle Mahal of Birbhum and the Chuars of Midnapore, revolted due to the economic discontent that had arisen against the increase in land revenue by the British. 

• In June, Chuar and Paika of Bankura, and Paika of Orissa joined it. British repression did not work in front of the wide nature of the rebellion and the British were forced to return the land and all the facilities snatched from them to the Chuar and Paika chieftains. 

Previous Page:Tilka Movement (1784-1785): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Next Page:Kol Movement (1831-32): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Read More

Tilka Movement (1784-1785): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Tilka Movement (1784-1785)

Causes of Revolt:

1784: Tilka Manjhi (Jabra Paharia) started a movement against the British, which came to be known as the 'Tilka Movement'. This movement was against the rights of their land, against the policy of divisiveness by giving more facilities to the hills, and against the repression of Cleveland.

Form of Revolt:

The Santhal entered in Rajmahal area in the last years of the 18th century. The entry of Santhal tribals into the Rajmahal was opposed by the Paharia community. After a few encounters, the Santhals settled in this area. The Santhal lived on the hills and when the East India Company's boats passed through the Ganga river, they would come down from the mountains and plunder them and kill the mail carriers. They were very skilled the guerilla warfare.

1778: Augustine Cleveland was appointed the Superintendent of Police of the Rajmahal area. He adopted a policy of divisiveness and within nine (9) months of his appointment, had made 47 Paharia chieftains his supporters and made a person named Jaurah their chief. Some facilities were given to the Paharia Sardars and the British did not collect any tax from them. This was opposed by a brave Sardar Tilka Manjhi of the Santhal community. He said that the policy should be the same. Tilka also opposed the Jaurah of the Pahariya caste, a supporter of the British. Tilka started opposing the British from the place called Vancharijor near Bhagalpur. Like Robin Hood, he used to plunder the royal treasuries and warehouses and distribute them among the poor. He sent door-to-door messages through Sal's leaves and started organizing the Santhals.

1784: At the beginning of the year, with the help of his followers, Tilka attacked Bhagalpur. On January 13, he hid on a plan tree and sat down. While passing through the same path, he shot Cleveland riding on a horse with an arrow. This caused panic in the English army. Now Ayerkoot was sent to help the British army. Ayerkoot along with Paharia Sardar Jaurah attacked the followers of Tilka Manjhi. Many followers of Tilka Manjhi suffered causalities. But Tilka Manjhi escaped and hid in the hills of Sultanganj.

1785: Tilka Manjhi was caused by deceit and dragged by four (4) horses, tied with rope, was brought to Bhagalpur, where he was hanged on a Banyan tree. That place is known today as 'Baba Tilka Manjhi Chowk'.

Key Facts of Tilka Movement:

• The Tilka Movement started in 1783 under the leadership of Tilka Manjhi.

• Main objective: to protect the tribal autonomy and drive out the British from this region.

• Like the modern Robin Hood, he started plundering the English treasury and distributing it among the poor and needy.

• The message of rebellion was sent by Tilka Manjhi by rotating Sakhua (Sal) leaves from villages to villages.

• Tilka Manjhi led a guerilla war from the hills of Sultanganj. The hero of the British army, who was killed by Tilka Manjhi's arrow was Augustine Cleveland.

• 1785: Tilka Manjhi was arrested by fraud and hanged on a Banyan tree in Bhagalpur. That place is today famous as 'Baba Tilka Manjhi Chowk' in Bhagalpur.

• The first rebel martyr of the Indian freedom struggle was - Tilka Manjhi.

• Most importantly, women also participated in the Tilka Rebellion, while women started participating in the Indian national movement much later.

Previous Page:Tamar Revolt (1782- 1820): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Next Page:Chuar Movement (1769- 1805): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Read More

Tamar Revolt (1782- 1820): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Tamar Revolt (1782-1820)

Causes of Rebellion:

The revolt waged by the Munda tribesmen in the last quarter of the 18th century by making Tamar the main center of Chotanagpur is called the 'Tamar Rebellion'. 

The Company's policy of instigating outsiders and the atrocities of the Nagavanshi rulers were the root causes of this rebellion. The Munda tribals in Tamar were stricken by the tyranny of the Company government. The policies of the company paved the way for outsiders to come here and make them comfortable. On the other hand, they were feeling suffocated due to the tyranny and exploitation of the Nagavanshi rulers of Chotanagpur Khas.

Form of Rebellion:

1782: Gradually the rebels of Ramgarh, Panchet, and Birbhum started gathering in Tamar. They also started robbing the merchants. The Nagavanshi ruler attacked Tamar to suppress the rebels. This further fueled the rebellion. 

1782: The rebels also get the support of some landlords. Finally, Major James Crawford entered Tamar in December 1783 and forced the rebels to surrender. Peace prevailed in Tamar for the next five (5) years.

1789: The rebellion broke out again in Tamar. Under the leadership of Vishnu Manki and Mauji Manki, 3000 Mundas refused to pay taxes. Captain Hogan was sent to suppress the rebels, but he failed. After this, Lieutenant Cooper was sent. Cooper suppressed the rebels in early July 1789 AD. Tamar remained calm for the next four (4) years.

1794: In November, the rebellion broke out again in Tamar, which became difficult for the British to suppress.

1796: Raja Narendra Shahi of Rahe sided with the British. When the king and his soldiers went to Sonahatu, they were attacked by the villagers. When Captain B. Ben learns that the tribals are opposing Narendra Shahi, he is removed. In 1796, this rebellion took a widespread form. 

All tribals and zamindars of Tamar, Silli, Sonahatu and Rahe jumped into it. 

Prominent leaders of the rebels were;

• Thakur Bholanath Singh - Tamar

• Thakur Vishwanath Singh- Silli

• Thakur Harinath Singh- Vishunpur

• Thakur Shivnath Singh- Bundu

• Ram Shahi Munda- Tribal leader

• Thakur Das Munda- nephew of Ram Shahi Munda.

The relatives of Narendra Shahi of Rahe were killed, but Narendra Shahi himself managed to escape. 

1798: In April, Captain Lemond successes in capturing the major rebel leaders of Tamar. Bholanath Singh, the most powerful of the rebels, was arrested by Captain Ben. The Tamar rebellion spontaneously disintegrated after the arrested of the leaders.

Key Fact of Tamar Rebellion:

• The main reason for the Tamar rebellion was the deprivation of land for the tribals. They were to be exploited by the English company, tehsildars, zamindars, and non-tribals (dikus).

• This rebellion started in 1782 against the exploitation of the landlords by the Oraon tribe of Chotanagpur, which lasted till 1794. This rebellion started under the leadership of Thakur Bholanath Singh. This is famous in history as the 'Tamar Rebellion'.

• 1809: the British arranged a Zamindari police force to establish peace in Chotanagpur but to no avail. Because again in 1807, 1811, 1817, and 1820 the Munda and Oraon tribes raised their voice against the landlords and Dikus.

• 1807: the Mundas revolted under the leadership of Dukh Manki of Tamar and in 1819-20, under the leadership of Rugu and Konta.

Previous Page:Ghatwal Revolt (1772- 1773): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Next Page:Tilka Movement (1784-1785): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Read More

Ghatwal Revolt (1772- 1773): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Ghatwal Revolt (1772-1773)

Ghatwal: the one who collected revenue from the Ghats (paths) of the hills was called 'Ghatwal'.

1772: In 1772 AD, the revolt by the Ghatwals of the Hazaribagh especially Ramgarh state against the British is called the 'Ghatwal Rebellion'. This rebellion was a protest against the mistreatment of the British towards their king.

Causes of Revolt:

When one of the King's relatives Tej Singh expressed his authority over the kingdom of Ramgarh Naresh Mukund Singh, the British supported Tej Singh. Mukund Singh was simultaneously attacked by British Captain Jacob Camac from the South (S) side and Tej Singh from the North (N) side. Fearing to be taken prisoner, Mukund Singh ran away. Since Ghatwals was a loyal ryot of Mukund Singh, they revolted. 

The Ghatwal of Andragarba Valley met Loranga and the Ghatwals of Dunguna Valley started opposing Captain Jacob Camac.

In this rebellion, the ryot of Champa state also supported Ramgarh Naresh Mukund Singh. The special thing about this rebellion was that it did not face any war-like situation.

Seeing the organization of Ghatwals, a situation of war had arisen, but after persuasion by the British they calmed down. When the Ghatwals and Ryots felt that Mukund Singh could not become the king again at any cost, they also left him and started their respective business. 

Thus, the protest ended without creating any explosive situation. Later the British provided many concessions to the Ghatwals.

Previous Page:Paharia Revolt (1772- 1782): JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS

Next Page:Tamar Revolt (1782- 1820): JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS

Read More

Paharia Revolt (1772- 1782): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Paharia Revolt (1772-1782)

Paharia Tribe is the oldest tribe of the Santhal Pargana division. In fact, these are the first primitive inhabitants of this place.

They have three (3) sub-castes:

• Mal: they are mainly settled in the south of the Bansloi river.

• Kumarbhag: they are situated on the northern bank of river Bansloi.

• Sauria: they are situated on the plateau of Rajmahal north of the Bansloi river.

The Paharia tribe struggled with foreign powers during the Rajput, Muslim, Mughal, and British periods. They made several rebellions against the British, which is considered to be the first widespread rebellion against foreign rule in the history of tribal struggle.

After the rebellion against the British in 1766 under the leadership of Ramna Ahari, Paharia did not rest in peace. In this rebellion, Sardar Ramna Ahari (Ghasniya, Dumka), Kariya Pulhar (Amgachi Pahar, Dumka), Changru Sanwaria (Targachi Hill, Rajmahal), Naib Suraja, etc. made the British sleepless.

But the most powerful rebellions took place in 1772, 1778, and 1779. Surya Changru Sanwaria, Pachge Domba Paharia, and Kariya Pulhar were martyred in the rebellion of 1772. Sankara Maharaja Sumer Singh was assassinated.

1781- 82: there was a revolt in 1781-82 when Rani Sarveshwari of Maheshpur Raja revolted, in which the Paharia chieftains openly supported the queen against the British.

Despite the decline of the Sardaris and Zamindari, the resistance of the hills continued. 

Between 1790 and 1810, the British made the Paharias a minority by making the Santhals a majority in these areas. Nevertheless, their rebellion continued.

1824: the British took their land in 1824 to suppress the Paharia conflict and declared their land as government property by giving the name 'Damin-e-Koh'.

Before the Santhal rebellion in the 19th century, Sardar Sundara Paharia, a resident of Dharni Pahar recognized them again.

In the Santhal rebellion of 1855-56, Mal Paharia played a more important role than Sauria and Kumarbagh.

Previous Page:Dhal Rebellion/ Dhalbhum Revolt (1767- 1777): JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS

Next Page:Ghatwal Revolt (1772- 1773): JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS

Read More

Dhal Rebellion/ Dhalbhum Revolt (1767- 1777): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Dhal Rebellion (1767- 1777)

Important Facts:

1765: On August 12, 1765, the Mughal ruler Shah Alam II handed over the responsibility of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa to the East India Company.

1767: The British's entry into Jharkhand began in 1767 AD.

1765: In 1765 AD, the area of Chotanagpur came under British rule.

The 'British's entry' in Jharkhand was first done from the side of Singhbhum-Manbhum. The first whirlwind of rebellion against the British sounded in this area.

At that time the main states in Singhbhum were: Dhalbhum, Porhat, and Kolhan.

1766: In March 1766, the East India Company (IEC) government determined that if the Rajas of Singhbhum accepted the Company's submission and paid annual taxes, military action would not be taken against them.

1767: The Rajas of SInghbhum refused to accept the Company's conditions. As a result, Singhbhum was attacked in 1767 AD under the leadership of Ferguson. At that time the hilly region of Chotanagpur was a safe haven for the rebel landlords.

1767: In 1767 AD, after the British entered Singhbhum, there was a widespread rebellion under the leadership of the deposed Raja Jagannath Dhal of Dhalbhum, which is known as the 'Dhal Rebellion'.

The Dhal Rebellion lasted for ten (10) years. Lieutenant Rook and Charles Megan were sent by the English Company to suppress this rebellion, but they did not succeed.

1777: In 1777 AD, this rebellion was pacified after the English Company accepted Jagannath Dhal as the king of Dhalbhum again. 

In return for becoming the king, Jagannath Dhal agreed to pay an annual tax of Rs. 2000, Rs. 3000, and Rs. 4000 to the English company in three (3) years respectively. This amount is increased to Rs. 4267 in 1800 AD.

Previous Page:Important Irrigation and Power Projects: JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS

Next Page:Paharia Revolt (1772- 1782): JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS

Read More

Historical Events of Jharkhand (7000 BC- 2019 AD): JPSC/ JSCC

Historical Events of Jharkhand

Ancient Events:

7000- 4000 BC	Neolithic period, entry of Asura caste in Jharkhand.
2500 BC	Evidence of the use of iron by Asuras in Jharkhand has been found from Asurgarh.

1000- 600 BC	Mundas entered from the Tibet region through Rohtasgarh in the Jharkhand region.
800 BC	Parshavnath, the 23rd Tirthankara of Jainism attained nirvana on Parasnath hill.
250 BC	Ashoka's inscriptions describe Jharkhand as an Aattava region, Ashok sent Rakshit to this area to propagate the region.
64 AD	The establishment of the Nagavanshi kingdom in Jharkhand by Phanimukut Rai and Sutiyambe as the capita.
163 AD	Mukut Rai appointed the King of Nagavansh.
212 AD	Madan Rai appointed the King of Nagavansh.
346 AD	Nagavanshi King Pratap Rai established the capital at Chutia from Sutiyambe.
366- 403 AD	Nagavanshi Manimukut Rai reign.
404- 452 AD	Nagavanshi Fani Rai's reign.
453- 476 AD	Nagavanshi Ahindra's Rai's reign.
477- 493 AD	Nagavanshi Jayendra Rai's reign.
495- 533 AD	Nagavanshi Hari Rai's reign.
536- 560 AD	Nagavanshi Gaja Rai's reign.
561- 606 AD	Nagavanshi Sundar Rai's reign.
607- 643 AD	Nagavanshi Mukund Rai's reign.
602- 625 AD	Shashank, the ruler of Gaur invaded the Jharkhand region.
644- 694 AD	Nagavanshi Umedani Rai's reign. Nagavanshi Mukund Rai died of drowning in the river, after which Umedani Rai became the ruler.
695- 736 AD	Nagavanshi Kanchan Rai's reign was at Paviragarh, the capital of the Nagavanshi at the time of Kanchan Rai, but Kanchan Rai made Kanchangarh his center, a famine of 12 years occurred during his time, he started the practice of Jani hunting.

Medieval Events:

693 AD	Kashinath Singh established the Porahat state of the Singh dynasty in the Singhbum region.
1122 AD	The capital of Nagavanshi was removed from Chutia and established by Bhima Karna in Khukra.
1205 AD	Dev Narayan Singh founded the second branch of the Singh dynasty.
1206 AD	Bakhtiar Khilji's entry into Jharkhand and invasion of Bengal.
1310 AD	Alauddin Khilji imposed a tax on Nagavanshi King through Mallik Chhaju. Establishment of Ramgarh State by Baghdev Singh in 1368 AD.
1372 AD	Ferozshah invades Odisha via Jharkhand.
1458 AD	Ganga king of Odisha announced the establishment of Suryavansh and became the King of Jharkhand.
1498 AD	The ruler of Sandhya invaded Jharkhand.
1500 AD	Maharashtra Chero defeated by Khvas Khan.
1585 AD	Mughal invasion and occupation of Kokraha, Jharkhand under Shahbaz Khan.
1589 AD	Akbar's army invaded and conquered the Chero kingdom.
1590 AD	The accession of Madhukaran Shahi (Madhu Singh).
1592 AD	King Man Singh declared Rajmahal to be the capital of Bengal.
1605 AD	The Mughal army was defeated and restored power by Bhagwat Rai (Palamu King).
1615 AD	Durjan Sal defeated by Bihar subedar Ibrahim Khan and restored power.
1627 AD	Durjan Sal returns and recaptured the throne, moving from capital Kokarah to Doisa.
1632 AD	Chota Nagpur was given as the Jagir to the governor of Patna.
1639- 1640 AD	Durjan Sal died.
1640 AD	The accession of Raghunath Shah.
1641 AD	Shaista Khan invades Palamu Fort.
1642 AD	The construction of the fort at Badam by Hemant Singh of Hazaribagh.
1643 AD	Dawood Khan invaded Palamu Fort.
1644 AD	Agreement between Shah Jahan and Palamu Naresh Pratap Rai.
1645 AD	The construction of Madan Mohan Temple started at Bodeya.
1658 AD	Medini Rai's rule started in Palamu.
1660 AD	Shashuja was defeated in Bengal by Aurangzeb's army.
1666 AD	Tavernier and Bernier visit Rajmahal.
1667 AD	Dalel Singh became the king of Ramgarh.
1670 AD	The capital of Hazarbigah was transferred.
1674 AD	Madan Mohan Temple at Bodeya (Ranchi) built.
1685 AD	Construction of Sita-Ram Temple at Chutia (Ranchi).
1690 AD	The rule of Nagaanshi King Ramshah started.
1691 AD	Construction of Jagannathpur Temple.
1692 AD	Ramshah's agreement with Aurangzeb.
1700 AD	Farrukhsiyar arrived in the Rajmahal area.
1715 AD	The coronation of Yadunath Shah after the death of Nagavanshi King Ramshah.
1717 AD	The subedar of Bihar Sabruland Khan attacked Yadunath Shah at this time the capital was Doisa.

 

Modern Development Events:

1719 AD	Tori was captured by Chero King Ranjit Rai of Palamu.
1720 AD	Shifted to Palkot by Yadunath Shahi from Kokarah, capital of Nagavanshi kings.
1724 AD	Shivnath Shah succeeded to the throne.
1730 AD	Subedar Fakhruddaula of Bihar invaded Chhota Nagpur.
1733 AD	Shivanath Shah's death and Udaynath Shah ascended the throne. Nawab Shjauddin Khan appointed Alivardi Khan made Bihar's deputy governor.
1734 AD	Alivardi invades Chatra Fort.
1740 AD	Hidayat Ali Khan attacked and captured Ramgarh king, Vishnu Singh. Udayanath Shah's death & younger brother Shyam Sundar Shah became the king of Chhota Nagpur.
1742 AD	Maratha Bhashkar Ram Pandit enters Jharkhand via Chattisgarh and attacks Bengal.
1757 AD	Siraj-ud-daulah arrested at Rajmahal.
1763 AD	East India Company (EIC) occupied the Rajmahal.
1765 AD	Mughal emperor Shah Alam of the East India Company went to recover land revenue as an agent of the company.
1767 AD	British enter in Singhbhum.
1769 AD	Chuar Rebellion.
1766- 1780 AD	Paharia Rebellion in Rajmahal.
1771 AD	East India Company (EIC) to get full government rights of Jharkhand. Captain Camack attacked Palamu.
1772 AD	Construction of old Fort of Palamu by Chero King Gopal Rai.
1773 AD	Chhota Nagpur area was removed from the control of the Patna Council and was brought under Bengal Presidency.
1780 AD	Formation of Army Cantt in Ramgarh.
1782 AD	Tamar Rebellion.
1783 AD	Tilka Manjhi Movement.
1784 AD	Rebellion in Santhal Pargana led by Tilka Manjhi.
1785 AD	Tilka Manjhi hanged in Bhagalpur.
1793 AD	Permanent settlement prevalence started.
1795- 1800 AD	Tama and the Chero Rebellion.
1797 AD	Munda rebellion under the leadership of Bisu Manki spread in the Bundu area.
1798 AD	Land revolt of Manbhum, Chuar revolt.
1800 AD	Under the leadership of Bhushan Singh, the Chero Rebellion of Palamu, the collectorate of Ramgarh was abolished, and it was merged with Bihar.
1805 AD	Establishment of Junglemahal, covering the area from Bengal to Chhota Nagpur hills.
1806 AD	Zamindari Police started.
1807 AD	Dukhan Manki led to resentment of Tamar.
1817 AD	Govind Nath Shah accepts suzerainty of the company due to non-payment of tax. End of Nagavanshi Raj.
1819- 20 AD	Tama Munda's dissatisfaction under the leadership of Rudu and Kunta Munda.
1820- 21 AD	Singhbhum revolt.
1824 AD	Damini-e-Koh founded, Lah Reserach Center (Namkum) at Ranchi.
1825 AD	Restoration of two additional Munsifs, who were posted at Lesliganj and Lohardaga.
1832 AD	Buddnu Bhagat revolt of Silli village.
1832- 33 AD	Kol revolt led by Singhre and Bindre Manaki. Bhumij rebellion in Manbhum & Singhbhum.
1833 AD	Wilkinson rule to be implemented, the establishment of southwest frontiers Agency under Regulation of Province XIII.
	Establishment and military collectorship of Ramgarh to be abolished.
1834 AD	Bhumij rebellion under the leadership of Ganga Narayan Singh. Establishment of Hazaribagh district.
1837 AD	Kolhan Government State formed and Wilkinson Rule implemented in this area. Establishment of Singhbhum State. Battle of Serengasia Valley.
1845 AD	Christianity entered Jharkhand.
1854 AD	Act XX of 1854: Abolition of agency, agency administration, power of agency of local government officials who came to be called Aayukt. Entering and vesting their governing power under Lieutenant Governor of Bengal, the area continued to be a non-regulation area, the area continued to be a non-regulation area, its new name was Chhota Nagpur division, under which Birbhum, Lohardaga, Hazaribagh, Manbhum, Singhbhum, and Tributary area (Changbakhar, Korye, Surguja, Jashpur, Gangpur, Arbomatha), Morgo Manjhi of Santhal Pargana and British Manjhi's movement against the people took place.

Freedom Movement in Jharkhand::

1855 AD	Santhal rebellion under the leadership of Sidhu Kanhu, Santhal Parganas to be created separately under the separate non-regulation district Bhagalpur division.
1856- 57 AD	Sepoy mutiny led by Vishwanath Shahi, Ganpat Rai, Sheikh Bhikari, and Budhu Veer.
1857- 59 AD	The revolt led by Raja Arjun Singh of Porahat in Singhbhum. The revolt under Nilambar and Pitambar in Palamu.
1857 AD	Movement of Bhuiyan Tikait of Hazaribagh.
1858 AD	Government attempts to make 'record of rights', the arrest of Sheikh Bhikari and hanged on 8 January.
1859 AD	Implementation of the Sale and Rent Law in Chhota Nagpur.
1860 AD	Santhal rebellion against Zamindari oppression in Santhal Parganas.
1863 AD	Daltonganj subdivision established.
1866- 67 AD	Santhal rebellion in Bamanghati.
1869 AD	Chhota Nagpur Tenancy Act (CNT) to be implemented, the formation of municipalities started.
1869- 70 AD	The Santhal Rebellion in Tudi.
1871 AD	Kharwar movement led by Bhagirath Manjhi.
1872 AD	Implementation of Santhal Pargana Settlement Regulations.
1874 AD	Regulation of Null Regulations Districts; Implementation of Scheduled District Act;  Kharwar Movement led by Bhagirath Manjhi; Start of Roman Catholic Mission; Establishment of Iron Works' first major iron factory.
1875- 95 AD	Sardar movement in Chhota Nagpur.
1878 AD	Indian Forest Act implemented.
1879 AD	Chhota Nagpur Landlord and Tenant Procedure Act came into force.
1880 AD	Movement among Khadia people led by Telanga Khadia.
1869- 93 AD	Keonjhar Bhuyan People's Revolt.
1881- 82 AD	Korwa revolt in Palamu.
1884 AD	Lutheran Mission started.
1859- 95 AD	Sardari or Mulki Movement.
1886 AD	Santhal Parganas Rent Regulations implemented.
1895- 1900 AD	Birsa Movement.
1897 AD	Approval of Chhota Nagpur Communication Act of 1897.
1902 AD	Rebellion of the Santhals of Saraikela.
1902- 10 AD	Survey of settlement work.
1903 AD	CNT (Amendment) Act, 1903 to be prepared; Construction of Khunti sub-division.
1908 AD	CNT Act to be implemented.
1912 AD	Bihar & Bengal to be separated from Odisha; Christian Students Organization was formed; the Adre House (Ranchi) became Governor House.
1914 AD	Tana Bhagat Movement.
1915 AD	Chhota Nagpur Unnati Samaj formed.
1917 AD	Tribal Revolt in Mayurbhanj.
1930 AD	Simon Commission report recommends separate administration for the development of this area.
1930- 31 AD	Haribaba Movement of Singhbhum.
1932 AD	Construction of new Governor's House at Ranchi.
1935 AD	Bhumij-Kshatriya Reform Movement among the Bhumij people of Manbhum. Government of India Act, 1935 passed.
1937 AD	Kisan Sabha formed; Chhota Nagpur Catholic Assembly formed.
1936 AD	Odisha was separated from Bihar, in which some part of Chhota Nagpur was transferred to Odisha.
1938 AD	Tribal Mahasabha formed under the leadership of Ignatius Beck in Chhota Nagpur.
1939 AD	Gangapur tribal revolt and Simco firing.
1941 AD	Pt. Raghunath Murmu invented the Santhal script Olchiki and publication of a pamphlet named 'Ol Chemet' in this script.
1942 AD	Quit India Movement (QIM) of Kanchi, Gumla. Wide impact on Lohardaga, Giridih, Dhanbad, etc.
1947 AD	All India Jharkhand Party formed on 28 December 1947.

Post Independence Events::

1948 AD	Tribal revolt and Kharsawan firing in Kharsawan & Saraikela; Formation of United Jharkhand block by Justin Richard.
1949 AD	Tribal revolt in Mayurbhanj.
1950- 52 AD	Ho Renaissance movement of millions of Bodra among the people.
1955 AD	Demand for separate Jharkhand province before State Reorganization Commission.
1963 AD	Jharkhand Party merged with Congress Party.
1965 AD	Academy of Indian culture formed; Hindu organizations tried to re-covert tribals.
1966 AD	All India Tribal Development Council formed.
1967 AD	Fourth general election; Partition of Jharkhand party; Revolutionary movement by Birsa Seva Dal; Formation of All India Jharkhand Party.
1968 AD	Hul Jharkhand Party formed.
1969 AD	Bihar Scheduled Areas Act, 1969; Formation of Shivaji Samaj by Kurmi.
1970 AD	Sonot Santhal Society formed by Shibu Soren.
1971 AD	Formation of Maximist coordination by Shri A.K.Rai and demand of separate Jharkhand state; Formation of Chhota Nagpur- Sathal Parganas Autonomous Development Organization on 13 November 1971.
1973 AD	The tribal struggle against the Koyal-Karo Jal Vidyut Project under the leadership of Binod Bihari Mahto and Shibu Soren of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.
1977	Movement of Kolhan Defense Association in Singhbhum; Creation of post of Regional Development Commissioner and Branch Secretariat in Ranchi.
1977- 79 AD	Movement for separate States became intense.
1978 AD	All India Jharkhand party started separate Jharkhand State Movement and Nationalized Minor Forest Produce by State Government.
1980 AD	Establishment of Tribal and Regional Language Development at Ranchi University by Dr. Kumar Suresh Singh (then Vice-Chancellor).
1981 AD	The formation of Chhota Nagpur-Santhal Pargana Autonomous Development Authority by the government of Bihar handed over to the Common Wealth Relations Officer in London by the Kolhan Defense Association for a separate Kolhan state.
1985 AD	Establishment of Adivasi-Ho Samaj Mahasabha; Conflicts of migrants for Kutku dam; Demand for union territory.
1986 AD	All Jharkhand Students Union (AJSU) formed. Nominated President: Prabhakar Tirkey; General Secretary: Surya Singh Besra.
1987 AD	Jharkhand Coordination Committee formed; Killed JMM President Nirmal Mahato on 8th August.
1988 AD	BJP demanded a separate Vanachal state.
1989 AD	The government of India constituted a committee on Jharkhand.
1990 AD	AJSU delegations submitted a memorandum to the then Home Minister of the government of India, Mr. Mufti Mohammad Sayeed for a separate state.
1991 AD	Jharkhand People's Party formed.
1992 AD	Dispatched in Jadugodha and the struggle of people affected by radioactivity on 2nd February, Shri S.B.Chavan, Bihar-Bengal Chief Minister's meeting with then Home Minister unsuccessful; JMM economic blockade successful on March 22nd; A meeting with BJP-CPI Home Minister demanded 16 states for merging 16 districts on September 18th.
	People's movement in protest against the pilot project Netarhat Field Training Range in February; Then Union Home Minister held talks with Ram Dayal Munda and Shibu Soren on separate Jharkhand autonomy.
1994 AD	Jharkhand Region Autonomous Council bill passed in Bihar State Legislative Assembly; Agitation against Conch river water project on 11th August assured the decision by then Union Minister of State for Home to constitute autonomous council in Lok Sabha; On 27th September then Prime Minister Narasimha Rao, Minister of State for Home Affairs, Rajesh Pilot, and the Chief Minister of Bihar signed the Jharkhand Region Autonomous Council resolution.
1995 AD	A movement against Semarsot Wildlife Sanctuary; Governor's approval to Jharkhand Autonomous Council Bill on 17 April; Jharkhand Regional Autonomous Council formed on 9th June, Shibu Soren nominated as Chairman.
1996 AD	The movement to implement a rural self-government system; On 22nd July the Bihar Legislative Assembly unanimously passed the Jharkhand State Resolution and sent it to the Central government.
1997 AD	The Bihar Legislative Assembly took a resolution for the formation of a separate Jharkhand state.
1998 AD	The BJP government at the center announced the formation of Vanachal State on 21st August; On the Vanachal separate state-related Bill, President K.R.Narayanan's acceptance of the Vanachal State Bill in 1998, 23rd September in the Lok Sabha.
2000 AD	Bihar Legislature invites special session of three days to discuss Bihar Reorganization Bill of Bihar passed by Legislative Assembly on 25th April;  Approval of Bihar State Reorganization Bill, 2000 by President on 25th August in Lok Sabha; and On 2nd August 2000 Bihar State Reorganization Bill passed related to Jharkhand state events after the creation of Jharkhand state.

Events of Jharkhand after State Formation::

15.11.2000 AD	The State of Jharkhand came into existence; Babulal Marandi took the oath as the first Chief Minister.
2003 AD	Arjun Munda took over as the second Chief Minister of Jharkhand on 18th March.
2.03.2005 AD	Shibu Soren was sworn in as the third Chief Minister of the State (only for 10 days).
2005- 06 AD	Arjun Munda became the Chief Minister.
2006 AD	Madhu Koda was sworn in as Chief Minister on 14th September 2006.
2008 AD	Shibu Soren became the Chief Minister again.
2009 AD	President's rule was imposed on January 19, 2009, which continued till December 29. Shibu Soren became the Chief Minister for the third time on 30th December.
2010 AD	The state came under President's rule for the second time on 1st June 2010; Arjun Munda became the Chief Minister of the state on 11th September 2010.
2013 AD	President's rule was imposed for the third time on 18th January 2013; Hemant Soren was sworn in as the state Chief Minister on 13th July 2013.
2014 AD	On 28th December, Raghuvar Das became Chief Minister.
2019 AD- Till	On 29th December, Hemant Soren became Chief Minister.

Read More