JHARKHAND STATE: AT A GLANCE
Jharkhand State is situated in eastern India. It is surrounded by Bihar to the North, Uttar Pradesh and Chattisgarh to the West, Odisha to the South, and West Bengal to the East.
- Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Deoghar, and Hazaribagh are some of the main cities and tourist attractions of the state.
- The 28th state of the Indian Union was brought into existence by the Bihar recognization Act on 15th November 2000 the Birth Anniversary of legendary Bhagwan Birsa Munda.
- Jharkhand is famous for its rich mineral resources like Uranium, Mica, Bauxite, Granite, Gold, Silver, Graphite, Magnetite, Dolomite, Fireclay, Quartz, Feldspar, Coal (32% of India), Copper (25% of India), etc.
- Forests and woodlands occupy more than 29% of the state which is strongest the highest in India.
BIRTH OF THE STATE
- The region enshrouded in the hills and forests inaccessible to a large segment of people. The tribes of this state are living here for thousands of years and not much changed in their life and culture over the ages baring last few decades.
- Many scholars now believed that the language used by tribes in the state of Jharkhand is identical to the one used by Harappan people. This has led to a great interest in the deciphering of Harappan inscriptions using rock paintings and language used by these tribes.
- For a greater part of the Vedic age, Jharkhand remained obscured. During the age of Mahajanpadas around 500 BC, India saw the emergence of 16 large states who controlled the entire Indian subcontinent.
- The supremacy of Janpadas was often decided by the power of swords and bows and axes and other weapons.
- The region around Jharkhand was extremely rich in its mineral resources including Iron and the Janpad that controlled this region, Magadha, eventually controlled most of the country.
- The power of Magadha continued to occupy the central state in the Indian subcontinent for a long time and saw the emergence of mighty empires such as Mauryas and Guptas.
- After the end of the last big Hindu empire of Guptas, India saw the emergence of a number of numerous regional powers who tried to control this region. The same was the case with Muslim Sultans of Delhi and their feudatories in Bengal, who tried to control this mineral-rich area.
- British identified this region as a great source of raw material for their blooming industries back home and to exploit the region to its full potential, established a vast network of railway lines. Calcutta was developed as a major port to export raw materials from this region to England.
- Birsa Munda (1875- 1900) and Sido & Kanho are the legendary heroes of the tribals of this state who fought against the oppressive rule of the British government. Birsa Munda, now regarded as a god, fought for tribals' natural rights over forests and land that was mercilessly being acquired by the British for exploitation.
- After a long fight, Birsa Munda was captured by the British authorities and died in prison. Sido & Kanho were another set of revolutionaries among the tribals, now regarded as tribal heroes.
- For a long time, Jharkhand remained as a part of Bihar, but after Indian independence, the demand for a separate state of tribals started gaining momentum.
- In the last fifty years, the tribes of this region fought against the hegemony of Northern Bihar, a region that gained from the mineral deposits of this region like anything.
- Jharkhand became a state under the Republic of India on November 15, 2000, and how it is poised for a great leap forward.
GEOGRAPHY
- Most of the state lies on the Chota Nagpur Plateau, which is the source of the Koel, Damodar, Brahmani, Kharkai, and Subarnarekha rivers, whose upper watershed lies within Jharkhand.
- Much of the state is still covered by forest. Forest preserves support populations of tigers and Asian Elephants.
- Red soil- found mostly in the Damodar valley, and Rajmahal area.
- Micacious soil- containing particles of mica, found in Koderma, Jhumri Telaiya, Barkagaon, and areas around the Mandar hill.
- Sandy soil- generally found in Hazaribagh and Dhanbad.
- Black soil- found in the Rajmahal area.
- Laterite soil- found in the western part of Ranchi, Palamu, and parts of Santhal Parganas and Singhbhum.
CLIMATE
- There are three well-defined seasons in Jharkhand. The cold-weather season, from November to February, is the most pleasant part of the year.
- High temperatures in Ranchi in December usually rise from about 50-degree Fahrenheit (10-degree Celcius) into the low 70s F (low 20 C) daily. The hot-weather season lasts from March to mid-June. May, the hottest month, is characterized by daily high temperatures in the upper 90s-F (about 37 C) and low temperatures in the mid-70s F (mid-20s C).
BASIC PROFILE
Date of Statehood | |
Capital | Ranchi |
Sub-Capital | Dumka |
Latitude | 21 degree 59 minutes N - 25 degree 18 minutes N |
Longitude | 82 degree 20 minutes E - 87 degree 57 minutes E |
Area | 79,714 sq. kms |
Area Rank | 14th |
Population | 32,988,134 |
16, 930, 315 | |
Female | 16, 057, 819 |
22.42 % | |
2.72 % | |
Density / km sqaure | 414 |
Density / m square | 1,072 |
Sex Ratio (0-6 years) | 948/1000 (Female per 1000 males) |
Literacy | |
Male Literacy | 76.84 % |
Male literacy | 76.84 % |
Female literacy | |
Male literate | 10, 882, 519 |
Female literate | 7,445, 550 |
Total child population | 5, 389, 495 (0- 6 years) |
Male population | 2, 767, 147 (0- 6 years) |
Female population | 2, 622, 348 (0- 6 years) |
Population size | 4367507 (0-6 years, Rural) |
Population size | 1021988 (0- 6 years, Urban) |
Population size | 2231494 (0- 6 years, Rural males) |
Population size | 2136013 (0- 6 years, Rural females) |
Population size | 535653 (0- 6 yeras, Urban males) |
Population size | 486335 (0- 6 years, Urban females) |
Literates, 7+ years | 18328069 |
Literates, 7+ years | 10882517 (Males) |
Literates, 7+ years | 7445550 (Females) |
Literates, 7+ years | 12643078 (Rural) |
Total Population | 25,055,073 (Urban) |
District (Highest population) | 1,560,394 (Dhanbad- Urban) |
District (Lowest population) | 42,944 (Simdega- Urban) |
District (Highest population) | 2,237,450 (Giridih- Rural) |
District (Lowest population) | 404,379 (Lohardaga- Rural) |
District (Highest literacy) | 76.06 % (Ranchi) |
District (Lowest literacy) | 48.82 % (Pakur) |
District (Highest density) | 1284 (Dhanbad) |
District (Lowest density) | 160 (Simdega) |
District (High sex ratio) | 1005 (West Singhbhum) |
District (Low sex ratio) | 909 (Dhanbad) |
State Emblem | Lion Capital of Ashoka |
State bird | Asian Koel (Eudynamys scolopaceus) |
Sate animal | Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) |
State flower | Palash (Butea monosperma) |
State tree | Sal (Shorea robusta) |
State game | Gilli-danda |
Official language | Hindi |
Scheduled Tribes | 32 |
Legislature | Unicameral |
Legislative Constituencies | 82 |
No. of seats reserved for Schedules Tribes | 28 |
No. of seats reserved for Scheduled Caste | 09 |
Parliamentry Constituencies | 14 |
Rajya Sabha seats | |
Largest Constituency of Lok Sabha | |
Smallest Constituency of Lok Sabha | |
Total division | |
Districts | |
No. of District during formation of state | |
No. of District after formation of state | 06 (Kharsawan, Khunti, Ramgarh, Latehar, Jamtara, Simdega, Saraikela) |
Sub division | 38 |
Blocks | 260 |
Villages | 32615 |
Panchayats | 4423 |
National Highway | 2654 (Length in Kms) |
State Highway | 1231.9 (Length in Kms) |
Universities | 07 |
Municipal Corporation | 03 (Ranchi, Dhanbad, Deoghar) |
Municipal Councils | 14 |
Nagar Panchyats | 19 |
Contonment Board | Ramgarh |
Police Stations | 326 |
Major Towns | Jamshedpur |
Major Minerals | Iron ore, Bauxite, Chromite, Manganese, etc. |
Major Crops | Rice, Ragi, Maize, Wheat, Redgram, Niger, etc. |
Important Crops export from state | Litchi, Apple |
City of Temples | Jagannath Temple, Ranchi |
JHARKHAND DIVISIONS
DIVISIONS | |
Palamu Divison | Palamu, Garhwa, Latehar |
North Chotanagpur | Chatra, Hazaribagh, Koderma, Giridih, Ramgarh, Bokaro, Dhanbad |
South Chotanagpur | Lohardaga, Gumla, Simdega, Ranchi, Khunti |
Kolhan Division | West Singhbhum, Saraikela-Kharsawan, East Singhbhum |
Santhal Pargana Division | Jamtara, Deoghar, Dumka, Pakur, Godda, Sahibganj |
MAJOR DAMS OF JHARKHAND
DAM | ||
Amanat Dam | ||
Anraj Dam | ||
Babhani Kand Dam | ||
Barhi Dam | ||
Basuki Dam | ||
Batane Dam | ||
Batre Dam | ||
Bhairwa Dam | ||
Boudha Dam | ||
Buchaopa Dam | ||
Bushka Dam | ||
Burhai | ||
Chandil Dam | Saraikela-Kharsawan | |
Chataniaghat Dam | ||
Chinda Dam | ||
Chirka Dam | ||
Danro Dam | ||
Dhankai Dam | ||
Dhansightoli Dam | ||
Diggalpahari Dam | Ashanbani River/ Reshma Nala | |
Dulaki Dam | ||
Garhi Dam | ||
Getalsud Dam | ||
Ghaghra Dam | ||
Gonda Dam | ||
Hatia Dam | ||
Hiru Dam | ||
Jamunia Dam | ||
Jaipur Dam | ||
Jharjhara Dam | ||
Kans Dam | ||
Kansjore Dam | ||
Masanjore Dam | ||
Maithon Dam | ||
Panchet Hill Dam | ||
Tenughat Dam | ||
Tilaiya Dam |
MAJOR RIVERS OF JHARKHAND
RIVERS | ||||
Ajay | Munger | Bhagirathi River | 288 Km | Chittaranjan, Liambazar, Jaydev, Kenduli |
Baitarani | Gonasika | Bay of Bengal | 360 Km | Ranchi |
Barakar | Padma | Damodar River | 225 Km | Asansol |
Damodar | Chulhapani | Hugli River | 592 Km | Bokaro |
Son | Amarkantak | Ganga River | 784 Km | |
South Koel | Chotanagpur Plateau | Brahmani River | 285 Km | Manoharpur |
Subarnarekha | Chotanagpur Plaeau | Bay of Bengal | 395 Km | Chnadil, Jamshedpur, Ghatshila, Gopiballavpur |
MOUNTAINS OF JHARKHAND
Canary Hill | Hazaribagh | Three small Lakes |
Fuldungri | Ghatshila | Burudih Lake |
Nandan Hill | Baidyanathdham | Nandi Temple |
Parasnath Hill | Giridih | Shikharji Jain Temple |
Ranchi Hill | Ranchi | Ranchi Lake, Lord Shiva Temple |
Tagore Hill | Morabadi | Rabindranath Tagore |
Trikut Hill | Deoghar | Tapovan- First Solar energy hub |
NATIONAL PARKS & WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES
|
NATIONAL PARKS/WILDLIFE SANCTURAIES |
|
|
Betla National Parks |
Chotanagpur Plateau |
|
Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary |
Jamshedpur |
|
Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuaries |
Koderma |
|
Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary |
Pokharia |
|
Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary |
Koderma |
|
Palamu Tiger Reserve |
Daltonganj |
|
Udhwa Bird Lake Santuary |
Udhwa, Sahibganj |
FAMOUS TEMPLES
|
|
LOCATION |
|
Angrabadi Temple |
Khunti |
|
Baidyanath Temple |
Deoghar |
|
Basukinath Tmeple |
Deoghar |
|
Digambar Jain Temple |
Ranchi |
|
Jagannathpur Temple |
Ranchi |
|
Madhuban |
Giridih |
|
Naulakha Mandir |
Deoghar |
|
Pahari Temple |
Ranchi |
|
Sun Temple |
Ranchi |
|
Tapovan Temple |
Deoghar |
AIRPORTS IN JHARKHAND
|
|
LOCATION |
|
Chakulia Airport |
Maurabera (E.Singhbhum) |
|
Deoghar Airport |
Simra (Deoghar) |
|
Birsa Munda Airport |
Hinoo (Ranchi) |
|
Dhanbad Airport |
Satyam Nagar (Dhanbad) |
|
Bokaro Airport |
Bokaro |
|
Sonari Airport |
Jamshedpur |
STADIUM IN JHARKHAND
|
STADIUM |
SPORTS |
CITY |
|
JSCA International Criket Stadium |
Criket |
Ranchi |
|
Birsa Munda Athletics Stadium |
Athletics |
Ranchi |
|
JRD Tata Sports Complex |
Football |
Jamshedpur |
|
Keenan Stadium |
Cricket |
Jamshedpur |
|
Birsa Munda Football Stadium |
Football |
Ranchi |
|
Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium |
Hockey |
Ranchi |
|
Dilip Tirkey Stadium |
Hockey |
Ranchi |
