Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)

SWACHH BHARAT MISSION, 2014:

• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan or Clean India Mission was launched on 2nd October 2014 on the occasion of the 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi at Rajghat, New Delhi. It is a country-wide campaign initiated by the Government of India to eliminate open defecation (ODF) and improve solid waste management. It is a reconstructed version of the "Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan" launched in 2009 that failed to achieve its intended targets. 

• Slogan: "One step towards cleanliness". The mission is aimed at progressing towards target 6.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals Number 6 (clean water and sanitation for all) established by the United Nations in 2015. 

• Phase I (2014-2019): The objective was the eradication of manual scavenging, generating awareness, and bringing about a behavior change regarding sanitation practices, and augmentation of capacity at the local level. 

• Phase II (2020-21 to 2024-25): To sustain the open defecation free status and improve the management of solid and liquid waste.

The mission was split into two: Rural & Urban.

• SBM-Gramin: financed and monitored through "Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation", "Ministry of Jal Shakti"

• SMB-Urban: overseen by Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs.

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Nirmal Gram Purashkar Yojana (NGPY)

NIRMAL GRAM PURASHKAR YOJANA, 2003:

• The government of India has been promoting sanitation coverage in a campaign mode to ensure better health & quality of life for people in rural India.

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• To add vigor to its implementation, the GoI launched award based incentives scheme for fully sanitized and open defecation free Gram Panchayats, Blocks, Districts, and State called "Nirmal Gram Purashkar (NGP)" in October 2003 and gave away the first awards in 2005 as a component of its flagship scheme Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC).

• NGP till 2011 was given by the Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation (MoDWS), GoI at all three levels of PRIs that is Gram Panchayat, Block Panchyat, and District Panchayat.

It has now been decided that with the transition to Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA), the selection of Gram Panchayat to awards NGP from the year 2012 shall be taken up by the States, while the selection of Blocks & District Panchayat shall continue to be with the Centre.

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Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY)

PM MUDRA YOJANA, 2015:

• MUDRA= Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank is a public sector financial institution. PM Mudra Yojana (PMMY) is a scheme launched by PM Narendra Modi on 8 April 2015, from Dumka, Jharkhand for providing loans up to Rs. 10 lakhs to the non-corporate, non-farm small/micro-enterprises.

image source:- google

• The loans are given by Commercial Banks, RRBs, Small Finance Banks, MFIs, and NBFCs. The borrower can approach any of the lending institutions mentioned above or can apply through this portal www. udyamimitra.in

Under the aegis of PMMY, MUDRA has created the following three products to signify the stage of growth/ development and funding needs of the beneficiary micro unit/ entrepreneur and also provide a reference point for the next phase of graduation/ growth.

• Shishu= covering loans up to Rs. 50,000/-

• Kishore= covering loans above Rs. 50,000/- and up to Rs. 5 Lakhs.

• Tarun= covering loans above Rs. 5 Lakhs and up to Rs. 10 Lakhs.

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Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (BBBP) & Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY)

BETI BACHAO, BETI PADHAO, 2015:

• It is a campaign of the Government of India that aims to generate awareness and improve the efficiency of welfare services intended for girls in India.

• BBBP scheme was launched on 22nd January 2015 by PM Narendra Modi at Panipat, Haryana and the scheme addresses the declining Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years) and related issues of women empowerment over a life-cycle continuum.

• To bring the subject of sex to the mainstream, it has been agreed after special efforts from the Government, to include the same in the school curriculum as a separate chapter. Increasing enrolment of girls in schools, the establishment of 'Balika Manches' and construction of toilets for girls in school, construction of hostels for girls in higher secondary and secondary levels, starting Kasturba Gandhi Girls Schools, etc. are main tasks under the scheme.

The objective of this scheme initiative are:

• prevention of gender-biased sex selective elimination
• ensuring survival & protection of the girl child
• ensuring education & participation of the girl child.

It is a tri-ministerial effort of:

• Ministry of Women & Child Development
• Ministry of Health & Family Welfare 
• Ministry of Education.

SUKANYA SAMRIDDHI YOJANA, 2015:

• This scheme was launched by PM Narendra Modi on 22nd January 2015 as a part of Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao campaign.

• It is a Government of India-backed saving scheme targeted at the parents of the girl child. This scheme encourages parents to build a fund for their female child's future education and marriage expenses.

• It is a special savings plan for the girl child and to promote small savings, this scheme provides for opening accounts in the name of girls up to the age of 10 years. Amounts have to be deposited into that account for 14 years. The account will mature in 21 years. At the age of 18, 50% of the deposit amount may be withdrawn for girls' higher education or marriage.

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Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PM-JDY)

PRADHAN MANTRI JAN DHAN YOJANA (PM-JDY), 2014:

• PM-JDY (Prime Minister's People's Wealth Scheme) is a financial inclusion program of the GoI. This scheme was announced by PM Modi on his first Independence Day speech on 15th August 2014 and this financial inclusion campaign was launched on 28th August 2014.

• Slogan: "Mera Khata, Bhagya Vidhata". It is run by the Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance.

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• It envisages universal access to banking facilities with at least one basic banking account for every household, financial literacy, access to credit, remittances,  insurances, and pension.

• Under this scheme, a basic savings bank deposit (BSBD) account can be opened in any bank branch or Business Correspondent (Bank Mitra) outlet, by persons not having any other account. 

• As a first step, every account holder will get a debit card with personal accident insurance of Rs. 1 lakh. Those opening accounts under PMJDY before 26th January 2015 also received life insurance of Rs. 3000.

The Government has decided to extend the comprehensive PMJDY beyond 28.08.2018 with the change in focus on opening accounts from "every household" to "every adult", with the following modifications:

• Existing Over Draft (OD) limit of Rs.5000 revised to Rs.10,000.

• No conditions attached for active PMJDY accounts availing OD up to Rs.2000.

• Age limit of availability OD facility revised from 18-60 years to 18-65 years.

• The accidental insurance cover for new RuPay card holders raised from the existing Rs. 1 lakh to 2 lakh to the new PMJDY account opened after 28.08.2018.

It has provided a platform for the following social security schemes:

• PM-Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)

• PM-Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)

• Atal Pension Yojana (APY)

• PM Mudra Yojana (PMMY)

• Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)

• Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Bank (MUDRA).

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Mahatma Gandhi National Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA/MGNREGA)

NREGA/MGNREGA, 2005:

• Mahatma Gandhi National Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (MGNREGA) is Indian labor law and social security measure that aims to guarantee the 'right to work'. This was passed in September 2005 under the UPA government of PM Dr. Manmohan Singh and launched on 2nd February 2006 from Bandapalli in Andhra Pradesh.
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• It aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. Another aim is to create durable assets (such as roads, canals, ponds, wells).

• Employment is to be provided within 5 km of an applicant's residence, and minimum wages are to be paid. If work is not provided within 15 days of applying, applicants are entitled to unemployment allowances. That is if the government fails to provide employment it has to provide certain unemployment allowances to those people. Thus, employment under MGNREGA is a legal entitlement. It is to be implemented mainly by Gram Panchayats and the involvement of contractors is banned.

• Apart from providing economic security and creating rural assets, it can help protect the environment, empower rural women, reduce rural-urban migration, and foster social equity.

• 'Sampoorna Gram Rozgar Yojana and 'Kaam Ke Badle Anaj' have been merged in this scheme. 

• The cost of the scheme is shared by the Centre and the State in the ratio of 90:10. According to Mahendra Dev Committee, the minimum wage shall be paid based on wages fixed by regulations. This will be reviewed concerning Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Rural Inflation Index.

• Mihir Shah Committee played a significant role in making MGNREGA more effective and giving it a new shape. Based on these recommendations, changes were incorporated in MGNREGA to ensure that its execution helped in improving the productivity of smallholding. MGNREGA projects have now been linked to the Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS).

• Under Geo-MGNREGA, 99 thousand assets have been geotagged in Jharkhand. Mates have been selected for the successful execution of the scheme. 50% of the position of selected mates has been reserved for women. The members of the self-help group (Sakhi Mandal) are given preference in selection mates. Only female mates are chosen in the block where Cluster Facilitation Team (CFT) is functional.

• CFT is functioning in 76 blocks of 21 districts in the state. They are responsible to assist workers in getting work and job cards, augmenting the capacity of Sakhi Mandal, etc. This team is being managed by the Ministry of Rural Developments, Government of India since July 2014. 28 new blocks in the state have been included under CFT-II.
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Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY)

Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana, 2014:

• This scheme was launched on 11th October 2014 on the birth anniversary of Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi by PM Narendra Modi. This is being administered by the Ministry of Rural Development, GoI. 
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• Under this scheme, every Member of Parliament (MP) shall adopt villages in his/her parliamentary constituency to develop them as model villages. 

• The Gram Panchyat shall be the basic unit for this development. Its population shall be 3000-3500 in plains and 1000-3000 in hilly, tribal, and remote areas. In the districts where a unit of that size is not available, the Gram Panchayats approximating the desirable population size may be selected. The MP will identify one Gram Panchyat initially and two others later. 

• Lok Sabha MP will have to choose a Gram Panchyat from within his/her constituency. 

• Rajya Sabha MP may select a Gram Panchayat of his choice from the state from which he/she is elected. 

• Nominated MPs may choose a Gram Panchayat from the rural of any district in the country. 

• In the case of urban constituencies (where there are no Gram Panchayats), the MP will identify a Gram Panchayat from a nearby rural constituency.

• Goal: To develop three Adarsh Grams by March 2019, of which one was to be achieved by 2016. Thereafter, five such Adarsh Grams (one per year) will be selected and developed by 2024 and to translate this comprehensive and organic vision of Mahatma Gandhi into reality, keeping in view the present context.

• Objective: To trigger processes that led to the holistic development of the identified Gram Panchayats. To substantially improve the standard of living and quality of life of all sections of the population through improved basic amenities, higher productivity, enhanced human development, better livelihood opportunities, reduced disparities, access to rights and entitlements, wider social mobilization, enriched social capital. 

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