Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)

PM- AWAS YOJNA (PMAY), 2015:

• It is initiated by the Government of India on 25th June 2015, in which affordable housing will be provided to the poor with a target of building 2 crore (20 million) affordable houses by 31st March 2022 when the nation completes 75 years of independence.

• This scheme applies to only those families who do not own any pucca house in the name of any member of the family in any part of India. The scheme shall be executed with public and private partnerships.

• It has 2 components: PM Awas Yojna (Urban) (PMAY-U) and PM Awas Yojna (Gramin) (PMAY-G/R) under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation.

• The scheme is converged with other schemes to ensure houses have a toilet, Saubhagya Yojana electricity connection, Ujjwala Yojna LPG connection, access to drinking water, and Jan Dhan banking facilities, etc. Total 1 crore homes are approved against the total demand of 1.12 crores as of 28 December 2019.

Three phases PMAY envisage starting and completing the house construction work as follows:

• PMAY Phase I: from April 2015 to March 2017 to cover 100 cities.

• PMAY Phase II: from April 2017 to March 2019 to cover additional 200 cities.

• PAMY Phase III: from April 2019 to March 2022 to cover remaining cities.

INDIRA AWAS YOJNA-1985/ PMAY (G), 2015:

• It is a social welfare program, created by the Indian Government, to provide housing for the rural poor in India.

• This scheme was launched in the year 1985 by then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi as one of the major flagship programs of the Ministry of Rural Development to construct houses for the BPL population in villages.

• Under the scheme, a person belonging to Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribes, and other backward classes and those below the poverty line (BPL) are provided grants for the construction of houses or converting their mud houses to pucca houses. The beneficiaries in these plains are paid Rs.70,000/- and those in the hills are paid Rs.75,000/-.

A similar scheme for the urban poor was launched in 2015 as "Housing for all" by 2022. 

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Ayushman Bharat Yojana

AYUSHMAN BHARAT YOJANA, 2018:

• A flagship scheme of the Government of India was launched as recommended by the National Health Policy 2017, to achieve the vision of Universal Health Coverage (UHC).

• This initiative has been designed to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its underlining commitment, which is to "leave no one behind".

• It is an attempt to move from a sectoral and segmented approach of health service delivery to a comprehensive need-based health care service.

• Aim: To undertake path-breaking interventions to holistically address the healthcare service (covering prevention, promotion, and ambulatory care) at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels.

• Under this scheme, the government will open a 1.5 lakhs of Health & Wellness Centre by 2022, which will be equipped to provide medical treatment for diseases such as blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, and old-age illness.

Ayushman Bharat adopts a continuum of care approach, comprising of two inter-related components, which are- Health & Wellness Centers (HWCs), Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY).

Health & Wellness Centers (HWCs): 

• In February 2018, the GoI announced the creation of 1.50 lakhs HWCs by transforming the existing sub-centers and Primary health centers (PHC).

• These centers are to deliver Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) bringing healthcare closer to the homes of the people. They cover both, maternal and child health services and non-communicable diseases, including free essential drugs and diagnostic services. 

• The emphasis of health promotion and prevention is designed to bring focus on keeping people healthy by engaging and empowering individuals and communities to choose healthy behaviors and make changes that reduce the risk of developing chronic disease and morbidities. 

• On 14th April 2018 on the occasion of Ambedkar Jayanti, PM Modi inaugurated the first HWC at Bijapur district in Chattisgarh.

PM-Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY):

• This scheme was launched on 23rd September 2018 in Ranchi, Jharkhand by PM Narendra Modi.

• It is the largest health assurance scheme in the world which aims at providing a health coverage of Rs. 5 lakhs/family per year for secondary & tertiary care hospitalization to cover 10.74 crores poor and vulnerable families (approximately 50 crore beneficiaries) that from the bottom 40% population of India. 

• It was earlier known as National Health Protection Scheme (NHPS). It submerged the then-existing Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) which had been launched in 2008. 

• PM-JAY is fully funded by the Government and cost implementation is shared between the Central and State Governments.

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Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)

SWACHH BHARAT MISSION, 2014:

• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan or Clean India Mission was launched on 2nd October 2014 on the occasion of the 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi at Rajghat, New Delhi. It is a country-wide campaign initiated by the Government of India to eliminate open defecation (ODF) and improve solid waste management. It is a reconstructed version of the "Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan" launched in 2009 that failed to achieve its intended targets. 

• Slogan: "One step towards cleanliness". The mission is aimed at progressing towards target 6.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals Number 6 (clean water and sanitation for all) established by the United Nations in 2015. 

• Phase I (2014-2019): The objective was the eradication of manual scavenging, generating awareness, and bringing about a behavior change regarding sanitation practices, and augmentation of capacity at the local level. 

• Phase II (2020-21 to 2024-25): To sustain the open defecation free status and improve the management of solid and liquid waste.

The mission was split into two: Rural & Urban.

• SBM-Gramin: financed and monitored through "Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation", "Ministry of Jal Shakti"

• SMB-Urban: overseen by Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs.

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Nirmal Gram Purashkar Yojana (NGPY)

NIRMAL GRAM PURASHKAR YOJANA, 2003:

• The government of India has been promoting sanitation coverage in a campaign mode to ensure better health & quality of life for people in rural India.

                                                   image source:- google

• To add vigor to its implementation, the GoI launched award based incentives scheme for fully sanitized and open defecation free Gram Panchayats, Blocks, Districts, and State called "Nirmal Gram Purashkar (NGP)" in October 2003 and gave away the first awards in 2005 as a component of its flagship scheme Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC).

• NGP till 2011 was given by the Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation (MoDWS), GoI at all three levels of PRIs that is Gram Panchayat, Block Panchyat, and District Panchayat.

It has now been decided that with the transition to Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA), the selection of Gram Panchayat to awards NGP from the year 2012 shall be taken up by the States, while the selection of Blocks & District Panchayat shall continue to be with the Centre.

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Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY)

PM MUDRA YOJANA, 2015:

• MUDRA= Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank is a public sector financial institution. PM Mudra Yojana (PMMY) is a scheme launched by PM Narendra Modi on 8 April 2015, from Dumka, Jharkhand for providing loans up to Rs. 10 lakhs to the non-corporate, non-farm small/micro-enterprises.

image source:- google

• The loans are given by Commercial Banks, RRBs, Small Finance Banks, MFIs, and NBFCs. The borrower can approach any of the lending institutions mentioned above or can apply through this portal www. udyamimitra.in

Under the aegis of PMMY, MUDRA has created the following three products to signify the stage of growth/ development and funding needs of the beneficiary micro unit/ entrepreneur and also provide a reference point for the next phase of graduation/ growth.

• Shishu= covering loans up to Rs. 50,000/-

• Kishore= covering loans above Rs. 50,000/- and up to Rs. 5 Lakhs.

• Tarun= covering loans above Rs. 5 Lakhs and up to Rs. 10 Lakhs.

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Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (BBBP) & Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY)

BETI BACHAO, BETI PADHAO, 2015:

• It is a campaign of the Government of India that aims to generate awareness and improve the efficiency of welfare services intended for girls in India.

• BBBP scheme was launched on 22nd January 2015 by PM Narendra Modi at Panipat, Haryana and the scheme addresses the declining Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years) and related issues of women empowerment over a life-cycle continuum.

• To bring the subject of sex to the mainstream, it has been agreed after special efforts from the Government, to include the same in the school curriculum as a separate chapter. Increasing enrolment of girls in schools, the establishment of 'Balika Manches' and construction of toilets for girls in school, construction of hostels for girls in higher secondary and secondary levels, starting Kasturba Gandhi Girls Schools, etc. are main tasks under the scheme.

The objective of this scheme initiative are:

• prevention of gender-biased sex selective elimination
• ensuring survival & protection of the girl child
• ensuring education & participation of the girl child.

It is a tri-ministerial effort of:

• Ministry of Women & Child Development
• Ministry of Health & Family Welfare 
• Ministry of Education.

SUKANYA SAMRIDDHI YOJANA, 2015:

• This scheme was launched by PM Narendra Modi on 22nd January 2015 as a part of Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao campaign.

• It is a Government of India-backed saving scheme targeted at the parents of the girl child. This scheme encourages parents to build a fund for their female child's future education and marriage expenses.

• It is a special savings plan for the girl child and to promote small savings, this scheme provides for opening accounts in the name of girls up to the age of 10 years. Amounts have to be deposited into that account for 14 years. The account will mature in 21 years. At the age of 18, 50% of the deposit amount may be withdrawn for girls' higher education or marriage.

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Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PM-JDY)

PRADHAN MANTRI JAN DHAN YOJANA (PM-JDY), 2014:

• PM-JDY (Prime Minister's People's Wealth Scheme) is a financial inclusion program of the GoI. This scheme was announced by PM Modi on his first Independence Day speech on 15th August 2014 and this financial inclusion campaign was launched on 28th August 2014.

• Slogan: "Mera Khata, Bhagya Vidhata". It is run by the Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance.

                                                           image source:- google

• It envisages universal access to banking facilities with at least one basic banking account for every household, financial literacy, access to credit, remittances,  insurances, and pension.

• Under this scheme, a basic savings bank deposit (BSBD) account can be opened in any bank branch or Business Correspondent (Bank Mitra) outlet, by persons not having any other account. 

• As a first step, every account holder will get a debit card with personal accident insurance of Rs. 1 lakh. Those opening accounts under PMJDY before 26th January 2015 also received life insurance of Rs. 3000.

The Government has decided to extend the comprehensive PMJDY beyond 28.08.2018 with the change in focus on opening accounts from "every household" to "every adult", with the following modifications:

• Existing Over Draft (OD) limit of Rs.5000 revised to Rs.10,000.

• No conditions attached for active PMJDY accounts availing OD up to Rs.2000.

• Age limit of availability OD facility revised from 18-60 years to 18-65 years.

• The accidental insurance cover for new RuPay card holders raised from the existing Rs. 1 lakh to 2 lakh to the new PMJDY account opened after 28.08.2018.

It has provided a platform for the following social security schemes:

• PM-Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)

• PM-Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)

• Atal Pension Yojana (APY)

• PM Mudra Yojana (PMMY)

• Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)

• Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Bank (MUDRA).

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