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Education Marks Proper Humanity

SIMOTI CLASSES

Education Marks Proper Humanity

SIMOTI CLASSES

Education Marks Proper Humanity

SIMOTI CLASSES

Education Marks Proper Humanity

SIMOTI CLASSES

Education Marks Proper Humanity

Showing posts with label ALL-EXAM-CATEGORY. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ALL-EXAM-CATEGORY. Show all posts

Monday, August 31, 2020

Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34)

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT (1930-34)




1929: LAHORE CONGRESS SESSION


1930: GANDHI'S ELEVEN POINTS

  • Gandhi placed 'Eleven Points' of administrative reforms before Lord Irwin & tried to negotiate with the government once again before launching the CDM.

1930: CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE BEGINS

  • Gandhi started his historic 'Dandi March' from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi (240 miles, 24 days), accompanied by 78 followers & thus began CDM.

1930: GANDHI BREAKS SALT LAW

  • 6th April 1930
  • Gandhi reached Dandi, picked up a handful of salt & broke the salt law as a symbol of defiance to British Laws.
  • C Rajagopalachari led a slat march from Trichinopoly to Vedaranyam on the Tanjore coast.
  • Forms of protest included salt manufacture & resignations on a wide scale, boycott of foreign cloth & liquor, non-payment of land revenue in Ryotwari areas, anti-Chowkidari tax movement in Zamindari areas (Bihar), & Forest Satyagraha, i.e. peaceful violation of forest laws.

1930: CHITTAGONG ARMOURY RAID

  • 18th April 1930
  • Carried out by the Bengal revolutionaries led by Surya Sen.
  • ROLE OF KHAN ABDUL GAFFAR KHAN:
  • Khan had been active in NWFP for several years & had set up a band of non-violent revolutionaries, the Khudai Khidmatgars (Servants of God) or the Red Shirts (because of the color of their shirts) who played an active role in the CDM.
  • ANTI-CUNNINGHAM CIRCULAR AGITATION:
  • In Assam, a powerful agitation by students the infamous 'Cunningham Circular' was launched which prohibited students from participating in political activities associated with the national movement.
  • NON-REVENUE NO-RENT CAMPAIGN:
  • Was started in UP, Agra & Rae-Bareilly emerged as important centers.
  • The participation of women was the most remarkable feature of CDM.

1930-31: FIRST RTC (LONDON)

  • Chaired by British PM Ramsay MacDonald of the labor party.
  • First conference between the Indians & the British as equals.
  • Boycotted by Congress as it had launched the CDM, its proceedings proved to be quite meaningless & the British government grew anxious to secure Congress participation.
  • It recommended- 1.) Formation of an All India Federation of British Indian Provinces & the Indian States. 2.) A responsible government at the center with certain 'reservations & safeguards' for the transitional period.
  • In all, three RTCs were held in London to discuss the Indian constitutional question.
  • INC participated only in the 2nd RTC.
  • Ambedkar attended all the three RTCs.

1931: GANDHI RELEASED

  • 25th January 1931
  • The truce period begins.

1931: GANDHI-IRWIN TALK INITIATED

  • 14th February 1931
  • By the efforts of Sir TB Sapru & Sir MR Jayakar.

1931: GANDHI-IRWIN PACT (DELHI PACT)

  • End of First Phase of CDM
  • The fortnight-long talks culminated in the Delhi Pact.
  • In context to the pact, Sarojini Naidu termed as 'The Two Mahatmas'.
  • The pact was signed by Gandi on behalf of the Congress & by Irwin on behalf of the government on an equal footing.
  • As per the Pact, the Congress agreed to withdraw the CDM immediately & participate in the next RTC.

1931: SPECIAL CONGRESS SESSION AT KARACHI

  • 29th March 1931
  • It was called to ratify the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
  • It was presided by Sardar Patel.
  • Adopted resolutions on Fundamental Rights (Jawaharlal Nehru with the help of M.N.Roy) & National Economic Programme.

1931: CHANGE OF GOVERNMENT

  • April-August 1931
  • Lord Irwin replaced by Lord Willingdon as Viceroy
  • MacDonald's Labour Cabinet was replaced by a new coalition government dominated by the Conservatives.
  • Sir Samuel Hoare:  he became Secretary of State for India.
  • The changed government adopted a hardened stand, saw the Delhi pact as a mistake.

1931: SECOND RTC (LONDON)

  • September-December 1931
  • Congress participated & was represented by Gandhi.
  • Gandhi gave a create Blanche to Jinnah, yet the communal problem could not be resolved.

1931: GOVERNMENT REPRESSION

  • September 1931
  • While India was away to London, Willingdon decided to launch a hard & immediate blow to the revival of the national movement.
  • The policy of 'Civil martial law' was launched & involved the passing of sweeping ordinances banning all Congress organizations.
  • Gandhi was arrested as soon as he returned from the RTC (4th January 1932).

1931: GANDHI RETURNED FROM LONDON

  • 28th December 1931
  • Gandhi returned to a changed political situation.

1931: SECOND CDM LAUNCHED

  • 4th January 1932
  • Gandhi was arrested & the movement was effectively crushed within a few months.
  • Afterward, it just lingered on.

1932: COMMUNAL AWARD

  • MacDonald announced the proposal on minority representation, known as the Communal Awards.
  • It declared depressed classes as the minority & entitled them to separate electorate.
  • Congress strongly disagreed with the communal award, yet it decided neither to accept nor reject it.
  • 20th Septemeber 1932, Gandhi (in Yerwada jail) sat on a fast unto death to oppose the Communal Award.

1932: POONA PACT

  • 24th September 1932
  • It was concluded betweenh Gandi & Ambedkar with the efforts of Ambedkar, MC Rajah & Madan Mohan Malviya.

1932: THIRD RTC

  • November-December 1932
  • It was attended by only 46 delegates & boycotted by the INC as well as the Labour Party in Britain.
  • In March 1933, a White Paper was published & contained four major proposals-Federation, Provincial Autonomy, dyarchy at the center & safeguards.
  • White Paper later became the basis of the Govt. of India Act, 1935.

1934: CDM WITHDRAWN

  • April 1934
  • In May 1933, Gandhi temporarily suspended the movement & formally withdrew it in April 1934.




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Friday, August 21, 2020

APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS IN VARIOUS FIELDS

APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS:

Computers are used in various fields in our daily life. Computers have made our life easier.

  • All government & private organizations use the computer to perform specific tasks, for entertainment, or just to finish office work.
  • With greater perfection & accuracy and less time taking computers can do a lot in a short time while that task a lot of time while doing manually.
  • It has taken industries & businesses to a whole new level.
  • It is used at home for work & entertainment purposes.

USES OF COMPUTER IN HOME:

The computer can be used at home in the following ways.
  • Home Budget: It can be managed home budget. We can easily calculate our expenses & income. We cal list all expenses in one column & income in another column. Then we can apply any calculations on these columns to plan our home budget. There is also specialized software that can manage our income & expenses and generate some cool reports.
  • Computer Games: An influential use of computers at home is playing games. Different types of games are available. These games are a source of entertainment & recreation. many games are available that are specially developed to improve our mental capability & thinking power.
  • Work-from-Home: People can manage office work at home. The owner of the company can check the work of the employees from home. The work being controlled by him, while sitting at home.
  • Entertainment: People can find entertainment on the internet. They can watch movies, listen to songs & watch videos to download different stuff. We people can also watch live matches on the internet.
  • Information: People can find various kinds of information on the internet. Educational & information websites are available to download books, tutorials, etc. to improve their knowledge & learn new things.
  • Chatting & Social Media: People can chat with their friends & family on the internet using different software like Skype, Hangouts, etc. One can interact with friends over social media websites like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Google Plus. They can also share photos & videos with friends.


USES OF COMPUTER IN EDUCATION:

Computer-Based Training (CBT) program includes text, graphics & sound, audio, video lecture, or record on CDs. CBT is a low-cost solution for educating people & train large people.

Benefits of CBT:
  • The students can learn new skills at their own place. They can easily get knowledge in any available time of their own choices.
  • Training time: can be reduced.
  • Training materials: interactive & easy to learn- encourages students to learn the topic in easy mode.
  • Plaining & time problems are eliminated.
  • The skills can be taught at any time & at any place.
  • Cost-effective to train a large number of students.
  • Training videos & audios are available at affordable prices.

Computer-Aided Learning (CAL):

  • It is the process of using information technology (IT) to help to teach & enhance the learning process. 
  • It can reduce the time that is spent on preparing teaching material.
  • It can also reduce the administrative load of teaching & research by use of multimedia projector & PowerPoint presentations.

Distance Learning Program (DLP):

  • New learning methodology.
  • Play a key role in this kind of learning.
  • Students do not need to come to the institutes.
  • Institute provides the reading material & the student attends virtual classroom (Google classroom).
  • In the virtual classroom, the teacher delivers a lecture at his own workplace.
  • Students can attend the lecture at home by connecting to a network & can also ask questions to the teacher.


Online Examination:

  • The trend of online examination is becoming popular nowadays.
  • Various examinations like GMAT, CAT, NEET, JEE, GRE, CSIR-NET are conducted online all over the world & it minimizes the chance of mistakes, as questions are marked by computer.
  • It also enables us to announce the result in time.


USES OF COMPUTER IN BUSINESS:

  • Businessmen are using computers to interact with their customers anywhere in the world, hence many businesses are performed more quickly & efficiently.
  • Use: To reduce the overall cost of their business.
It can be used in the business in the following ways;
  • Business: The computer made an integrated part in all business organizations, as it embedded a high speed of calculation, conscientiousness, accuracy, reliability, or versatility which made it an integrated part in all business organizations.



  • It is used in business organizations for:

 


Marketing: 

An institution or firm can use computers for marketing their products. The Marketing applications provide information about the products to customers & manages the distribution system, advertising & selling activities, deciding pricing strategies, customers and their needs & requirements, etc.

  • Advertisement: Professionals create art & graphics, write & revise copy, and print & disseminate adds with the goal of selling more products by using computers.

  • At-Home Shopping: It has been made possible through the use of computerized catalogs that provide access to product information & permit direct entry of orders to be filled by the customers. Eg. Flipkart, Amazon.

  • Stock Exchange: It is the most place for businessmen for trading & to conducts bids. They connect with the computer where brokers match the buyers with sellers & reduce cost as no paper or special building required to connect these activities.



USES OF COMPUTER IN MEDICINE & HEALTH CARE:

  • Hospital Management System: Specialized management software is used to automate the day to day procedure & operations at hospitals. Eg. Online appointment, payroll admittance, discharge records, etc.

  • Patient History: HMS can store data about patients in computers, like about patients, their disease & symptoms, the medicines that are prescribed.
  • Patient Monitoring: Monitoring systems are installed in medical wards & ICU to monitoring patients continuously. Eg. Pulse monitor, blood pressure, temperature & can alert medical staff about serious situations.
  • Life Support Systems: Specialised devices are used to help impaired patients like hearing aids, prosthetic footwear.
  • Diagnosis Purpose (Test Mode): A diverse software is used to investigate symptoms of the patient's disease & prescribed medicines accordingly. Sophisticated systems are used for tests like CT scan, ECG, & other medical tests. 
  • Patient Monitoring System: The computer checks patient's signs for abnormality such as Cardiac Arrest, ECG.
  • Pharma Information System: Computer checks Drug safety regulators, Drug-labels, Expiry dates, harmful drug's side effects, safety & efficacy of the medicines, etc. software like Medidata rave, etc.
  • Surgery: Nowadays, computers are also used in performing surgery. Eg. Laser operation in specialization filed of dermatology, oncology, etc.


USES OF COMPUTER IN ENGINEERING DESIGN:

Computers are widely used in Engineering purposes. One of the major is CAD (Computer-Aided Design), that provides creation & modification of the images. Some fields are:
  • Structural Engineering: Requires stress & strain analysis design for buildings, bridges, ships, airplanes, etc.

  • Industrial Engineering: Deals with design, implementation & improvement of the integrated systems of people, materials & types of equipment.
  • Architectural Engineering: Aids in planning towns, office design, interior design, designing buildings & determining a range of buildings on a site using both 2D & 3D drawings.


USES OF COMPUTER IN MILITARY:

Computers are largely used in defense. Modern tanks, missiles, weapons, etc. The Military also employs a computerized control system. Some military areas where a computer been used are:


USES OF COMPUTER IN GOVERNMENT:

The computer plays an important role in the government. Some major fields in this category are:

USES OF COMPUTER IN BANKING & INSURANCE:

Banking is totally dependent on the computer. Banks provide the following facilities:
  • Banks provide an online accounting facility, which includes current balances, deposits, overdrafts, interest charges, shares & trustee records.
  • ATM machines make it easier for customers to deal with banks.
Insurance companies like (LIC, ICICI, SBI, HDFC) are keeping all records up-to-date with the help of computers. They marinating a database of all policyholders with information showing:






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