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Education Marks Proper Humanity

Thursday, September 2, 2021

Tamar Revolt (1782- 1820): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Tamar Revolt (1782-1820)

Causes of Rebellion:

The revolt waged by the Munda tribesmen in the last quarter of the 18th century by making Tamar the main center of Chotanagpur is called the 'Tamar Rebellion'

The Company's policy of instigating outsiders and the atrocities of the Nagavanshi rulers were the root causes of this rebellion. The Munda tribals in Tamar were stricken by the tyranny of the Company government. The policies of the company paved the way for outsiders to come here and make them comfortable. On the other hand, they were feeling suffocated due to the tyranny and exploitation of the Nagavanshi rulers of Chotanagpur Khas.

Tamar Revolt (1782- 1820): JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS


Form of Rebellion:

1782: Gradually the rebels of Ramgarh, Panchet, and Birbhum started gathering in Tamar. They also started robbing the merchants. The Nagavanshi ruler attacked Tamar to suppress the rebels. This further fueled the rebellion. 

1782: The rebels also get the support of some landlords. Finally, Major James Crawford entered Tamar in December 1783 and forced the rebels to surrender. Peace prevailed in Tamar for the next five (5) years.

1789: The rebellion broke out again in Tamar. Under the leadership of Vishnu Manki and Mauji Manki, 3000 Mundas refused to pay taxes. Captain Hogan was sent to suppress the rebels, but he failed. After this, Lieutenant Cooper was sent. Cooper suppressed the rebels in early July 1789 AD. Tamar remained calm for the next four (4) years.

1794: In November, the rebellion broke out again in Tamar, which became difficult for the British to suppress.

1796: Raja Narendra Shahi of Rahe sided with the British. When the king and his soldiers went to Sonahatu, they were attacked by the villagers. When Captain B. Ben learns that the tribals are opposing Narendra Shahi, he is removed. In 1796, this rebellion took a widespread form. 

All tribals and zamindars of Tamar, Silli, Sonahatu and Rahe jumped into it. 

Prominent leaders of the rebels were;

  • Thakur Bholanath Singh - Tamar
  • Thakur Vishwanath Singh- Silli
  • Thakur Harinath Singh- Vishunpur
  • Thakur Shivnath Singh- Bundu
  • Ram Shahi Munda- Tribal leader
  • Thakur Das Munda- nephew of Ram Shahi Munda.

The relatives of Narendra Shahi of Rahe were killed, but Narendra Shahi himself managed to escape. 

1798: In April, Captain Lemond successes in capturing the major rebel leaders of Tamar. Bholanath Singh, the most powerful of the rebels, was arrested by Captain Ben. The Tamar rebellion spontaneously disintegrated after the arrested of the leaders.

Key Fact of Tamar Rebellion:

  • This rebellion started in 1782 against the exploitation of the landlords by the Oraon tribe of Chotanagpur, which lasted till 1794. This rebellion started under the leadership of Thakur Bholanath Singh. This is famous in history as the 'Tamar Rebellion'.
  • 1809: the British arranged a Zamindari police force to establish peace in Chotanagpur but to no avail. Because again in 1807, 1811, 1817, and 1820 the Munda and Oraon tribes raised their voice against the landlords and Dikus.
  • 1807: the Mundas revolted under the leadership of Dukh Manki of Tamar and in 1819-20, under the leadership of Rugu and Konta.

Tamar Revolt (1782- 1820)

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Ghatwal Revolt (1772- 1773): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Ghatwal Revolt (1772-1773)

Ghatwal: the one who collected revenue from the Ghats (paths) of the hills was called 'Ghatwal'.

1772: In 1772 AD, the revolt by the Ghatwals of the Hazaribagh especially Ramgarh state against the British is called the 'Ghatwal Rebellion'. This rebellion was a protest against the mistreatment of the British towards their king.

Ghatwal Revolt (1772- 1773): JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS

Causes of Revolt:

When one of the King's relatives Tej Singh expressed his authority over the kingdom of Ramgarh Naresh Mukund Singh, the British supported Tej Singh. Mukund Singh was simultaneously attacked by British Captain Jacob Camac from the South (S) side and Tej Singh from the North (N) side. Fearing to be taken prisoner, Mukund Singh ran away. Since Ghatwals was a loyal ryot of Mukund Singh, they revolted. 

The Ghatwal of Andragarba Valley met Loranga and the Ghatwals of Dunguna Valley started opposing Captain Jacob Camac.

In this rebellion, the ryot of Champa state also supported Ramgarh Naresh Mukund Singh. The special thing about this rebellion was that it did not face any war-like situation.

Seeing the organization of Ghatwals, a situation of war had arisen, but after persuasion by the British they calmed down. When the Ghatwals and Ryots felt that Mukund Singh could not become the king again at any cost, they also left him and started their respective business. 

Thus, the protest ended without creating any explosive situation. Later the British provided many concessions to the Ghatwals.

Ghatwal Revolt (1772- 1773)

Previous Page:Paharia Revolt (1772- 1782): JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS

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Paharia Revolt (1772- 1782): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Paharia Revolt (1772-1782)

Paharia Tribe is the oldest tribe of the Santhal Pargana division. In fact, these are the first primitive inhabitants of this place.

They have three (3) sub-castes:

  • Kumarbhag: they are situated on the northern bank of river Bansloi.
  • Sauria: they are situated on the plateau of Rajmahal north of the Bansloi river.
Paharia Revolt (1772- 1782): JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS

The Paharia tribe struggled with foreign powers during the Rajput, Muslim, Mughal, and British periods. They made several rebellions against the British, which is considered to be the first widespread rebellion against foreign rule in the history of tribal struggle.

After the rebellion against the British in 1766 under the leadership of Ramna Ahari, Paharia did not rest in peace. In this rebellion, Sardar Ramna Ahari (Ghasniya, Dumka), Kariya Pulhar (Amgachi Pahar, Dumka), Changru Sanwaria (Targachi Hill, Rajmahal), Naib Suraja, etc. made the British sleepless.

But the most powerful rebellions took place in 1772, 1778, and 1779. Surya Changru Sanwaria, Pachge Domba Paharia, and Kariya Pulhar were martyred in the rebellion of 1772. Sankara Maharaja Sumer Singh was assassinated.

1781- 82: there was a revolt in 1781-82 when Rani Sarveshwari of Maheshpur Raja revolted, in which the Paharia chieftains openly supported the queen against the British.

Despite the decline of the Sardaris and Zamindari, the resistance of the hills continued. 

Between 1790 and 1810, the British made the Paharias a minority by making the Santhals a majority in these areas. Nevertheless, their rebellion continued.

1824: the British took their land in 1824 to suppress the Paharia conflict and declared their land as government property by giving the name 'Damin-e-Koh'.

Before the Santhal rebellion in the 19th century, Sardar Sundara Paharia, a resident of Dharni Pahar recognized them again.

In the Santhal rebellion of 1855-56, Mal Paharia played a more important role than Sauria and Kumarbagh.

Paharia Revolt (1772- 1782)

Previous Page:Dhal Rebellion/ Dhalbhum Revolt (1767- 1777): JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS

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Dhal Rebellion/ Dhalbhum Revolt (1767- 1777): JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Dhal Rebellion (1767- 1777)

Important Facts:

1765: On August 12, 1765, the Mughal ruler Shah Alam II handed over the responsibility of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa to the East India Company.

1767: The British's entry into Jharkhand began in 1767 AD.

1765: In 1765 AD, the area of Chotanagpur came under British rule.

Dhal Rebellion/ Dhalbhum Revolt (1767- 1777): JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS

The 'British's entry' in Jharkhand was first done from the side of Singhbhum-Manbhum. The first whirlwind of rebellion against the British sounded in this area.

At that time the main states in Singhbhum were: Dhalbhum, Porhat, and Kolhan.

1766: In March 1766, the East India Company (IEC) government determined that if the Rajas of Singhbhum accepted the Company's submission and paid annual taxes, military action would not be taken against them.

1767: The Rajas of SInghbhum refused to accept the Company's conditions. As a result, Singhbhum was attacked in 1767 AD under the leadership of Ferguson. At that time the hilly region of Chotanagpur was a safe haven for the rebel landlords.

1767: In 1767 AD, after the British entered Singhbhum, there was a widespread rebellion under the leadership of the deposed Raja Jagannath Dhal of Dhalbhum, which is known as the 'Dhal Rebellion'.

The Dhal Rebellion lasted for ten (10) years. Lieutenant Rook and Charles Megan were sent by the English Company to suppress this rebellion, but they did not succeed.

1777: In 1777 AD, this rebellion was pacified after the English Company accepted Jagannath Dhal as the king of Dhalbhum again. 

In return for becoming the king, Jagannath Dhal agreed to pay an annual tax of Rs. 2000, Rs. 3000, and Rs. 4000 to the English company in three (3) years respectively. This amount is increased to Rs. 4267 in 1800 AD.

Dhal Rebellion/ Dhalbhum Revolt (1767- 1777)

Previous Page:Important Irrigation and Power Projects: JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS

Next Page:Paharia Revolt (1772- 1782): JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS

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Wednesday, September 1, 2021

Important Irrigation and Power Projects: JPSC/ JSSC/ PSC

Important Irrigation and Power Projects


Important Irrigation and Power Projects: JPSC/ JSSC/ PCS

Project

River/ Location

State

Purpose

Nagarjuna Sagar Multipupose project

River Krishna

Andhra Pradesh

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity 

Lower Sileru project 

River Sileru (Godawari) 

Andhra Pradesh

Hydroelectricity 

Kosi project 

River Kosi

Bihar 

Flood control

Irrigation

Gandak project 

River Gandak 

Bihar, Uttar Pradesh

Thermal power

Hydroelectricity 

Korba project  

Near Korba coalfields 

Chattisgarh

Thermal power 

Kakadpada project 

River Tapi 

Gujarat 

Irrigation

Atomic power

Dhuvaran power station

Kheda district

Gujarat 

Thermal power (oil and gas-based) 

Ukai project

River Tapi

Gujarat

Irrigation

Sardar Sarowar project

River Narmada 

Gujarat, Rajasthan

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity

Bhakra-Nangal Multipurpose project

River Sutlej, Bilaspur (HP)

Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan 

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity

Beas project (unit I and II)

River Beas

Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan

Hydroelectricity

Damodar valley project

River Damodar 

Jharkhand shared with West Bengal

Flood control

Hydroelectricity

Mayurakshi project

River Mayurakshi 

Jharkhand, West Bengal

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity 

Dul Hasti project

River Chenab 

Jammu & Kashmir

Hydroelectricity

Salal project 

River Chenab 

Jammu & Kashmir

Hydroelectricity

Sabarigiri (Pamba-Kakki) project

River Pamba-Kakki 

Kerala

Hydroelectricity

Idukki project

River Periyar Cherutheni Dam 

Kerala

Hydroelectricity

Tungabhadra Multipurpose project 

River Tungabhadra 

Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity

Upper Krishna project

River Krishna 

Karnataka 

Irrigation

Sharavati project 

River Sharavati 

Karnatak (near Jog Falls)

Hydroelectricity

Ghataprabha project

River Ghataprabha

Karnataka

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity

Malaprabha project

River Malaprabha

Karnataka

Irrigation

Pallivasal project 

River Mudirapuzha 

Kerala

Hydroelectricity

Tawa project 

River Tawa (Narmada basin) 

Madhya Pradesh

Irrigation

Chambal project

River Chambal 

Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity 

Satpura power 

Patharkada station, Betul

Madhya Pradesh 

Thermal power

Matatila Multipurpose project

River Betwa  

Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity 

Koyna project

River Koyna

Maharashtra

Hydroelectricity

Koradi power station 

Koradi, near Nagpur

Maharashtra

Thermal power

Mahi Bajaj Sagar project

River Mahi

Madhya Pradesh

Irrigation

Loktak project

River Leimtak

Manipur

Hydroelectricity

Hirakund multipurpose project 

River Mahanadi

Odisha

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity 

Mahanadi Delta project 

River Mahanadi 

Odisha 

Irrigation 

Talcher power station 

Near Talcher  

Odisha  

Thermal power

Ranjit Sagar Dam/Thein Dam project 

River Ravi 

Punjab 

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity 

Indira Gandhi Nahar Project (IGNP), Rajasthan Canal project

River Ravi-Beas and Sutlej 

Rajasthan headworks in Punjab

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity

Rana Pratap Sagar Dam

River Chambal

Rajasthan

Hydroelectricity

Suratgarh Super Thermal project  

Suratgarh 

Rajasthan

Thermal power 

Pochampad project 

River Godawari 

Telangana

Irrigation

Kothagudam project  

Singareni coalfields

Telangana

Thermal power 

Kundah project 

River Kundah 

Tamil Nadu

Hydroelectricity

Neyveli power station 

Neyveli  

Tamil Nadu

Thermal power

Rajiv Bhima Lift Irrigation project

River Krishna 

Telangana

Irrigation

Papanasam project

River Thambraparani

Tamil Nadu

Hydroelectricity

Rihand Scheme

River Rihand Sonbhadra (UP) 

UP, MP, Bihar, Chattisgarh 

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity 

Ban Sagar project

River Sone 

UP, MP, Bihar

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity 

Tehri project  

River  Bhagirathi (Ganga) 

Uttarakhand

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity  

Farakka project

Ganga  

West Bengal

Maintenance of Kolkata port  

Mettur project

River Cauvery 

Tamil Nadu

Hydroelectricity 

Jayakwadi project

River Godawari

Maharashtra

Irrigation

Hydroelectricity

Sharda Shayak

River Sharda

Uttar Pradesh 

Irrigation 

Obra Power Station

Obra  

Uttar Pradesh  

Thermal power 

Ramganga Multipurpose project

Chuisot stream (near Kalagarh) Pauri 

Uttarakhand

Irrigation

Hydrolectricity 



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